半湿润地区农田夏玉米氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮动态变化

应用生态学报

半湿润地区农田夏玉米氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮动态变化

范亚宁^1,2；李世清^1,2；李生秀²

¹西北农林科技大学/中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；² 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2007-03-19 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-04-20 发布日期:2008-04-20

Utilization rate of fertilizer N and dynamic changes of soil NO_{3 ^{- -N}} in summer maize field in semi－humid area of Northwest China.

FAN Ya－ning^1,2；LI Shi－qing^1,2； LI Sheng－xiu²

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University/Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China；²College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2007-03-19 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-04-20 Published:2008-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤，通过田间试验，研究了不同施氮量下（0、45、90、135和180 kg·hm^-2）夏玉米生育期土壤剖面NO₃^--N的变化特征、氮素利用率及施氮量与土壤NO^₃^--N残留的关系.结果表明：在整个生育期内，土壤NO₃^--N含量均以0～20 cm土层最高，且施氮量越高，NO₃^--N含量也越高；0～60 cm土层NO₃^--N含量变化显著，60～100 cm土层NO₃^--N含量变化不大.夏玉米整个生育期，受玉米对氮素的需求和降雨的影响, 0～100 cm土层NO₃^--N累积量呈波动式降低趋势；当施氮量小于135 kg·hm^-2时，作物氮肥利用率随施氮量的增加而显著提高，但当施氮量超过135 kg·hm^-2时呈下降趋势. 氮肥农学利用率随施氮量的增加而减小，氮肥生理利用率随施氮量的增加而递增.土壤中残留NO₃^--N与施氮量呈极显著正线性相关关系 (R²=0.957^**，n=5)；施氮处理籽粒产量显著高于不施氮处理(P<0.05）；施氮量与籽粒产量呈极显著正线性相关关系（R²=0.934^**，n=5）.在本试验条件下，夏玉米生长季适宜施氮量为135 kg·hm^-2.该施氮水平可保证效益和环境的双赢.

关键词: C、N、P化学计量, 马尾松, 红壤侵蚀退化

Abstract: A field experiment on manual loessial soil was conducted to study the dynamic changes of NO₃^--N in soil profile, utilization rate of fertilizer N, and relationships between N application rate and soil residual N accumulation during the growth period of summer maize under different N application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg·hm^-2). The results showed that in the whole growth period of summer maize, the NO₃^--N concentration in the soil profile was the highest in 0-20 cm layer, and increased with increasing N application rate. The NO₃^--N concentration in 0-60 cm soil layer changed significantly, but no significant change was observed in 60-100 cm soil layer. In the growth season of summer maize, soil NO₃^--N accumulation presented a fluctuated decreasing trend due to the N uptake by crop and the precipitation. The N utilization rate (NUR) increased with increasing N application rate when the application rate was less than 135 kg·hm^-2, but tended to decrease when the application rate exceeded 135 kg·hm^-2. With the increase of N application rate, the N agronomy efficiency (NAE) decreased but the N physiology efficiency (NPE) increased. There was a significant positive correlation between soil residual N accumulation and N application rate (R²=0.957^**,n=5). The grain yield under N application was significantly higher than that without N application (P<0.05), and there existed a significant positive correlation between grain yield and N application rate (R²=0.934^**,n=5). In our experiment, the optimal 〖LM〗application rate of fertilizer N was 135 kg·hm^-2, which could harmonize the relationship between economic benefits and environment.

Key words: Pinus massoniana, C:N:P stoichiometry, red soil erosion degradation

范亚宁^1,2；李世清^1,2；李生秀². 半湿润地区农田夏玉米氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮动态变化[J]. 应用生态学报.

FAN Ya－ning^1,2；LI Shi－qing^1,2； LI Sheng－xiu² . Utilization rate of fertilizer N and dynamic changes of soil NO_{3 ^{- -N}} in summer maize field in semi－humid area of Northwest China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.

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