增温和降水变化对西北半干旱区春小麦产量和品质的影响

应用生态学报

增温和降水变化对西北半干旱区春小麦产量和品质的影响

王鹤龄¹,张强^1**,王润元¹,甘延泰²,牛俊义³,张凯¹,赵福年¹,赵鸿^1

(¹中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所中国气象局干旱气候变化重点开放实验室/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 兰州 730020; ²Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada; ^3甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州 730720)

出版日期:2015-01-18 发布日期:2015-01-18

Effects of air temperature increase and precipitation change on grain yield and quality of spring wheat in semiarid area of Northwest China.

WANG He-ling¹, ZHANG Qiang¹, WANG Run-yuan¹, GAN Yan-tai², NIU Jun-yi³, ZHANG Kai¹, ZHAO Fu-nian¹, ZHAO Hong¹

(¹China Meterological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meterological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China; ²Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada; ³College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730720, China)

Online:2015-01-18 Published:2015-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确未来气候变化对半干旱区春小麦产量和品质的影响,本研究选择典型半干旱区定西试验基地,利用开放式红外增温模拟系统和水分控制装置设置不同降水量(减少20%、不变、增加20%)和温度梯度\[大气温度(对照)、增加1.0 ℃、增加2.0 ℃、增加3.0 ℃\],模拟气候变化对春小麦生长发育、产量及其构成因素和品质的影响.结果表明:当增温幅度小于2 ℃时,降水变化对春小麦穗粒数影响不显著;当增温为3 ℃时,降水减少显著减少穗粒数,降水增加显著增加穗粒数.随着气温升高,降水减少对春小麦千粒重的负效应增大,春小麦不孕小穗数与气温呈二次曲线上升.降水减少20%条件下,增温1、2和3 ℃的春小麦产量分别下降12.1%、24.7%、42.7%;降水不变条件下,春小麦产量分别下降8.4%、15.1%、21.8%;降水增加20%条件下,春小麦产量分别下降9.0%、15.5%、22.2%.春小麦籽粒淀粉含量随温度的增加而下降,籽粒蛋白质含量随温度的增加而上升.增温2 ℃有利于蚜虫暴发,但增温3 ℃抑制蚜虫暴发;春小麦锈病发病率随着温度增加而上升.

Abstract:

In order to predict effects of climate changing on growth, quality and grain yields of spring wheat, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of air temperature increases (0 ℃, 1.0 ℃, 2.0 ℃ and 3.0 ℃) and precipitation variations (decrease 20%, unchanging and increase 20%) on grain yields, quality, diseases and insect pests of spring wheat at the Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment Experimental Station of the Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration(35°35′ N,104°37′ E). The results showed that effects of precipitation variations on kernel numbers of spring wheat were not significant when temperature increased by less than 2.0 ℃, but was significant when temperature increased by 3.0 ℃. Temperature increase enhanced kernel numbers, while temperature decrease reduced kernel numbers. The negative effect of temperature on thousandkernel mass of spring wheat increased with increasing air temperature. The sterile spikelet of spring wheat response to air temperature was quadratic under all precipitation regimes. Compared with control (no temperature increase), the decreases of grain yield of spring wheat when air temperature increased by 1.0 ℃, 2.0 ℃ and 3.0 ℃ under each of the three precipitation conditions (decrease 20%, no changing and increase 20%) were 12.1%, 24.7% and 42.7%, 8.4%, 15.1% and 21.8%, and 9.0%, 15.5% and 22.2%, respectively. The starch content of spring wheat decreased and the protein content increased with increasing air temperature. The number of aphids increased when air temperature increased by 2.0 ℃, but decreased when air temperature increased by 3.0 ℃. The infection rates of rust disease increased with increasing air temperature.

王鹤龄1,张强1**,王润元1,甘延泰2,牛俊义3,张凯1,赵福年1,赵鸿1. 增温和降水变化对西北半干旱区春小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

WANG He-ling1, ZHANG Qiang1, WANG Run-yuan1, GAN Yan-tai2, NIU Jun-yi3, ZHANG Kai1, ZHAO Fu-nian1, ZHAO Hong1. Effects of air temperature increase and precipitation change on grain yield and quality of spring wheat in semiarid area of Northwest China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.