神府煤田非硬化道路不同侵蚀期输沙特征

应用生态学报

神府煤田非硬化道路不同侵蚀期输沙特征

郭明明¹,王文龙^1,2**,李建明¹,黄鹏飞³,朱宝才^1,4,王贞⁵,罗婷^6

(¹西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100； ^2中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100； ³江西省水土保持科学研究院土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室，南昌 330029； ⁴山西农业大学林学院，山西太谷 030801； ^5中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院，杭州 310014； ^6杭州大地科技有限公司，杭州 310000)

出版日期:2015-02-18 发布日期:2015-02-18

Sediment transport characteristics at different erosion stages for non-hardened roads of the Shenfu Coalfield, west China.

GUO Ming-ming¹, WANG Wen-long^1,2, LI Jian-ming¹, HUANG Peng-fei³, ZHU Bao-cai^1,4, WANG Zhen⁵, LUO Ting⁶

(¹State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; ^2Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; ³Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Control, Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang 330029, China; ⁴College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China; ⁵Huadong Institute of Water Conservation and Hydropower Survey and Design, China Engineering Consulting Corporation, Hangzhou 310014, China; ⁶Hangzhou Earth Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China)

Online:2015-02-18 Published:2015-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

神府煤田生产过程中形成的非硬化道路具有复杂的下垫面条件，道路表面由于长期碾压而形成一定厚度的浮土颗粒，结构松散，抗冲蚀性差，浮土层下碾压路面土壤容重高，抗蚀性高，因此，降雨条件下路面侵蚀亦表现出不同的差异性.本文采用野外模拟降雨试验方法对坡度3°、6°、9°、12°非硬化道路不同侵蚀期的输沙过程及输沙速率与侵蚀因子的关系进行研究.结果表明：浮土层土壤在面蚀期出现了第一个输沙峰值，坡度为3°时只存在面蚀过程，输沙速率平均变异系数为0.07；6°～12°坡度下各次降雨均在产流后15 min左右开始细沟发育，雨强大于1.5 mm·min^-1时，面蚀期输沙过程线波动性较明显，但不同坡度间(6°、9°、12°)变异度差异不大(0.20、0.19、0.16)，雨强对输沙速率的影响强于坡度.细沟侵蚀期输沙过程线有波动，但波动性明显小于面蚀期，6°、9°、12°坡下平均输沙变异系数分别为0.05、0.09和0.10，细沟发育多，且沟宽而浅.面蚀期和沟蚀期的输沙速率均与雨强和坡度呈显著的幂函数关系.稳定输沙速率与径流率和含沙量呈显著线性关系.

Abstract: Non-hardened roads formed in the production of the Shenfu Coalfield have a unique condition of underlying surface. The road surface is composed of a regolith layer with a certain thickness resulted from longterm rolling and thus, is characterized by weakened antiscourabilty and antierodibility. In contrast, soil layer below the regolith has a higher bulk density and antierodibility. The processes of soil erosion on the nonhardened roads exhibit some differences under rainfall condition. The process of sediment transport and the relationship between sediment transport rate and erosion factors at different erosion stages were studied on nonhardened roads with slope degrees ranging from 3° to 12° (3°, 6°, 9°, 12°) by a field experiment under artificial rainfall. Results showed that the first peak of sediment transport on the regolith surface was observed at the sheet erosion stage. Sheet erosion occurred only at 3° slope degree, with an average variation coefficient of 0.07 for sediment transport rate. Rills in every testing began to develop at slope degrees of 6° to 12° about 15 min after runoff initiation. At the sheet erosion stage, the process of sediment transport fluctuated considerably at rainfall intensities of ＞1.5 mm·min^-1, but the differences in its variation were little at the three slope degrees, with average variation coefficients of 0.20, 0.19 and 0.16, respectively. Rainfall intensity had a more significant impact on sediment transport rate than slope degree. The process of sediment transport at the rill erosion stage fluctuated, but the fluctuation was obviously smaller than that at the sheet erosion stage, with average variation coefficients of 0.05, 0.09 and 0.10 at the three slope degrees. Many wide and shallow rills evolved at the rill erosion stage. The sediment transport rate could be well predicted by a power function of rainfall intensity and slope degree at the sheet and rill erosion stages. The stable sediment transport rate for all the tests was linearly related to runoff rate and sediment concentration.

郭明明1,王文龙1,2**,李建明1,黄鹏飞3,朱宝才1,4,王贞5,罗婷6. 神府煤田非硬化道路不同侵蚀期输沙特征[J]. 应用生态学报.

GUO Ming-ming1, WANG Wen-long1,2, LI Jian-ming1, HUANG Peng-fei3, ZHU Bao-cai1,4, WANG Zhen5, LUO Ting6. Sediment transport characteristics at different erosion stages for non-hardened roads of the Shenfu Coalfield, west China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.