渍水对四川小麦生理性状及产量的影响

应用生态学报

渍水对四川小麦生理性状及产量的影响

吴元奇¹,李朝苏²,樊高琼³,吴晓丽²,汤永禄^2**

（¹四川农业大学玉米研究所，成都 611130；²四川省农业科学院作物研究所，成都 610066； ³四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，成都 611130）

出版日期:2015-04-18 发布日期:2015-04-18

Effect of waterlogging on physical traits and yield of wheat in Sichuan, China.

WU Yuan-qi¹, LI Chao-su², FAN Gao-qiong³, WU Xiao-li², TANG Yong-lu^2

(¹Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; ^2Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; ³College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China)

Online:2015-04-18 Published:2015-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用二因素裂区设计，连续2年（2011—2012和2012—2013年）以川麦104和内麦836为对象，在小麦苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、开花期分别进行35 d的渍水处理，研究渍水对四川小麦生长和产量形成的影响.结果表明：苗期渍水减产最大，减产10%～15%，随渍水时期的后移，对产量的影响减小.苗期渍水降低了第3～6叶SPAD值、单株分蘖力和单株成穗数，降低了有效穗数、花后干物质积累量和成熟期干物质量.拔节期渍水降低了第4～7叶SPAD值，孕穗期渍水降低了倒4、倒3、倒2叶SPAD值，拔节期和孕穗期渍水导致花后旗叶SPAD值下降，渐增期灌浆速率（R₁）和平均灌浆速率（R_mean）下降，千粒重下降.开花期渍水对产量影响较小.表明苗期渍水是四川稻茬小麦渍害临界期.

Abstract: Following a twofactor split plot design, two popular varieties (Neimai836 and Chuanmai104) were used to study the effects of waterlogging at four growth stages (seedling, jointing, booting and anthesis) on wheat growth and yield formation during two growing seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). The resulted showed that the greatest yield penalty occurred when waterlogging happened at the seedling stage (10%-15% decrease), and it was alleviated when waterlogging happened at the other stages. Waterlogging during the seedling stage significantly reduced SPAD of 2nd-6th leaves, tillers and spike number per plant, productive ears, dry matter accumulation after flowering and dry matter at maturity. Waterlogging during the jointing stage decreased SPAD of 4th-7th leaves, and waterlogging during the booting stage reduced the SPAD of top 2nd, 3rd, 4th leaves. Waterlogging during the jointing and booting stages reduced the SPAD of flag leaf, the rate of grain filling during the gradual increase stage, the average filling rate and the 1000grain mass. Waterlogging during the flowering stage produced limited change in yield. Therefore, waterlogging during the seedling stage was identified to have the most critical influence on wheat production under wheat/rice cropping rotations in Sichuan Province.

吴元奇1,李朝苏2,樊高琼3,吴晓丽2,汤永禄2**. 渍水对四川小麦生理性状及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

WU Yuan-qi1, LI Chao-su2, FAN Gao-qiong3, WU Xiao-li2, TANG Yong-lu2. Effect of waterlogging on physical traits and yield of wheat in Sichuan, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.