轮作及绿肥不同利用方式对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响

应用生态学报

轮作及绿肥不同利用方式对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响

姚致远¹,王峥¹,李婧¹,鱼昌为²,曹群虎²,曹卫东³,高亚军^1,4**

(¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100； ^2陕西省长武县农业技术推广中心，陕西长武 713600； ³中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081； ⁴农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100)

出版日期:2015-08-18 发布日期:2015-08-18

Effects of rotations and different green manure utilizations on crop yield and soil fertility.

YAO Zhi-yuan¹, WANG Zheng¹, LI Jing¹, YU Chang-wei², CAO Qun-hu², CAO Wei-dong³, GAO Ya-jun^1,4

(¹College of Resource and Environment, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; ^2Changwu District Agrotechnology Extension Center, Changwu 713600, Shaanxi, China; ³Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; ^4Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agrienvironment in Northwest China, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

Online:2015-08-18 Published:2015-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过4年田间定位试验比较了3种轮作及相应绿肥不同利用方式对作物产量和土壤性质的影响.轮作方式包括夏休闲-冬小麦（对照）、豆类绿肥-冬小麦和豆类绿肥-春玉米-冬小麦.豆类绿肥-冬小麦包括3种绿肥利用方式：提前覆盖、提前翻压和播前翻压；豆类绿肥-春玉米-冬小麦也包括3种绿肥利用方式：豆类茎秆覆盖、茎秆翻压和茎秆移出田间.结果表明：对于豆类绿肥-冬小麦轮作，绿肥消耗了更多小麦播前土壤水，使小麦产量不稳定；麦收后0～200 cm土层硝态氮储量显著高于另外两种轮作，有更高的淋失风险；该轮作方式下提前覆盖处理0～20 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和有机碳储量(SSOC)最高.对于豆类绿肥-春玉米-冬小麦轮作，小麦播前土壤储水量显著高于豆类绿肥-冬小麦，小麦产量更稳定；麦收后0～200 cm土层硝态氮储量显著低于豆类绿肥-冬小麦轮作，淋失风险较低；该轮作方式下茎杆覆盖处理0～20 cm土层土壤SOC含量显著高于茎杆移出处理，且SSOC相对于试验初始也有所增加.可见，豆类绿肥-春玉米-冬小麦轮作体系中豆类收获籽粒后茎杆地表覆盖方式，在提高小麦播前土壤储水量、稳定产量、培肥土壤和降低0～200 cm土层土壤硝态氮残留量上表现较好，是具有类似气候地区的合理种植制度.

Abstract: A 4year field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of three rotation systems and three corresponding leguminous green manure (LGM) application methods on wheat yield and soil properties. The rotation patterns were summer fallow  winter wheat (SW), LGM  winter wheat (LW) and LGM  spring maize  winter wheat (LMW). The three LGM application methods of LW included: early mulch, early incorporation and late incorporation while the three LGM application methods of LMW were: stalk mulch, stalk incorporation and stalk moveaway. The results indicated that for LW, LGM consumed more soil water, thus the wheat yield was not stable. The nitrate storage in 0-200 cm soil after wheat harvest was significantly higher than that of the others, indicating an increasing risk of nitrate leaching. Early mulch under LW had the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) content and storage of SOC (SSOC) in 0-20 cm soil. For LMW, wheat yield was comparatively stable among years, because of higher water storage before wheat seeding, and the nitrate storage in 0-200 cm soil after wheat harvest was significantly lower than LW, which decreased the risk of nitrate leaching. Stalk mulch had higher SOC content in 0-20 cm soil after wheat harvest compared with moveaway. In addition, compared with the soil when the experiment started, stalk much also increased SSOC in 0-20 cm soil. In conclusion, LMW with stalk mulch could increase soil water storage, stabilize crop yield, improve soil fertility and decrease 0-200 cm soil nitrate storage. This system could be treated as a good alternative for areas with similar climate.

姚致远1,王峥1,李婧1,鱼昌为2,曹群虎2,曹卫东3,高亚军1,4**. 轮作及绿肥不同利用方式对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

YAO Zhi-yuan1, WANG Zheng1, LI Jing1, YU Chang-wei2, CAO Qun-hu2, CAO Wei-dong3, GAO Ya-jun1,4. Effects of rotations and different green manure utilizations on crop yield and soil fertility.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.