灌水下限及秸秆还田对温室番茄产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究秸秆还田滴灌灌水下限和秸秆还田量对温室番茄产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响,在温室内进行裂区试验。秸秆还田时间分别为1年(2018年)、2年(2017年)和3年(2016年),设置4个秸秆还田量(0、1.5×10⁴、3×10⁴、4.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2)和4个灌水下限(50%θ_f、60%θ_f、70%θ_f、80%θ_f,θ_f为田间持水量),对土壤含水率、番茄产量和品质进行监测。采用方差分析、熵权法和TOPSIS法对番茄产量、品质和水分利用效率进行分析。结果表明: 番茄产量随灌水下限增大而增大,在灌水下限为80%θ_f时产量最大,秸秆还田第1、2和3年,最大平均产量分别为93.55、87.23和99.34 t·hm^-2。水分利用效率和品质指标均随灌水下限的升高而降低。在秸秆还田第1年时,秸秆还田量为1.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2时番茄平均产量达到最大值,为99.60 t·hm^-2;在秸秆还田第2、3年时,秸秆还田量为4.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2时番茄平均产量最大,分别为92.50和107.75 t·hm^-2。番茄水分利用效率在秸秆还田第1、2年,秸秆还田量为1.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2时达到最大;在秸秆还田第3年时,秸秆还田量为4.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2达到最大。番茄的品质指标随秸秆还田年限和秸秆还田量增加表现出不同趋势。

Abstract: A split plot experiment was conducted in greenhouse to investigate the effects of irrigation lower limit and maize straw returning on the yield, quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato. Maize straw was applied for 1 (2018, A₁), 2(2017, A₂), and 3 (2016, A₃) years at different amounts (0, 1.5×10⁴, 3×10⁴, 4.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2) and different irrigation lower limits (50%θ_f, 60%θ_f, 70%θ_f, 80%θ_f, θ_f was the field water capacity). Variance analysis, entropy-weight and TOPSIS methods were used to examine the responses of yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato. The results showed that tomato yield was enhanced by the increases of irrigation lower limit. The maximum value of yield was observed in the 80%θ_f treatments, with the maximum average yield of 93.55 t·hm^-2 in A₁, 87.23 t·hm^-2 in A₂, and 99.34 t·hm^-2 in A₃, respectively. WUE and quality of tomato decreased with increasing irrigation lower limit. In the first year of straw returning, the maximum average yield of tomato was 99.60 t·hm^-2 in straw returning 1.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2 . In the second and third years, 4.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2 straw returning had the highest average yield of tomato, which was 92.50 and 107.75 t·hm^-2, respectively. The maximum WUE was observed with the straw returning of 1.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2 in A₁ and A₂, while in the A₃treatment it happened in straw returning of 4.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2. The quality index of tomato showed different trends with the increases of straw returning years and amount.

李波, 包正荣, 姚名泽, 李长信, 孙翔龙. 灌水下限及秸秆还田对温室番茄产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(2): 493-500.

LI Bo, BAO Zheng-rong, YAO Ming-ze, LI Chang-xin, SUN Xiang-long. Effects of irrigation lower limit and straw returning amount on yield, quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(2): 493-500.

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