生石灰和钙镁磷肥对酸化川党参土壤的改良效果

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201909.008

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 3224-3232.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201909.008

生石灰和钙镁磷肥对酸化川党参土壤的改良效果

周武先^1,2, 何银生^1,2*, 朱盈徽³, 张美德^1,2, 段媛媛^1,2, 黄大野⁴, 徐大兵⁵, 艾伦强^1,2

¹湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所, 湖北恩施 445000;
²湖北省农业科技创新中心中药材研究分中心, 湖北恩施 445000;
³湖北民族大学科技学院, 湖北恩施 445000;
⁴湖北省生物农药工程研究中心, 武汉 430064;
⁵湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所, 武汉 430064

收稿日期:2019-04-25 出版日期:2019-09-15 发布日期:2019-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: hys-0001@163.com
作者简介:周武先,男,1991年生,硕士研究生.主要从事土壤障碍修复研究.E-mail:zhou_wx222@163.com
基金资助:
湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2018ZYYD013)、恩施州科技计划研究与开发项目(D20180014)、湖北省农业科学院青年科学基金项目(2019NKYJJ13)和国家生物农药工程技术研究中心-农业部农业微生物资源利用华中区域科学观测试验站联合开放基金项目(JF-NBCOES-1806)资助

Improvement effects of quicklime and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on acidified soil cultivating Codonopsis tangshen.

ZHOU Wu-xian^1,2, HE Yin-sheng^1,2*, ZHU Ying-hui³, ZHANG Mei-de^1,2, DUAN Yuan-yuan^1,2, HUANG Da-ye⁴, XU Da-bing⁵, AI Lun-qiang^1,2

¹Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China;
²Chinese Herbal Medicine Subcenter of Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Centre, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China;
³College of Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China;
⁴Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Wuhan 430064, China;
⁵Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China

Received:2019-04-25 Online:2019-09-15 Published:2019-09-15
Contact: * E-mail: hys-0001@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Technical Innovation Program of Hubei Province (2018ZYYD013), the Science and Technology Plan of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture (D20180014), the Youth Science Foundation Project of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2019NKYJJ13), and the Joint Open Fund of National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre and Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Utilization of Microbial Resources (Central China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (JF-NBCOES-1806).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决川党参生产过程中土壤酸化的问题,研究不同用量生石灰和钙镁磷肥处理酸化土壤后川党参的种子萌发、幼苗生长及土壤交换性酸和微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明:与对照相比,生石灰和钙镁磷肥处理酸化土壤后显著提高了川党参种子的成苗率,增幅分别为147.7%～326.7%和270.1%～311.2%,川党参幼苗的株高最大增幅分别为516.7%和546.3%,根长最大增幅分别为798.0%和679.2%.生石灰和钙镁磷肥用量为1‰～4‰时,川党参幼苗的叶绿素相对含量、抗氧化酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量均显著提高,丙二醛和超氧阴离子自由基含量显著降低,土壤pH分别提高0.88～2.02个单位和0.23～1.19个单位,土壤交换性铝含量分别下降53.0%～95.3%和17.6%～81.3%.生石灰和钙镁磷肥用量为2‰～4‰时,土壤中细菌和放线菌的丰度显著增加;2‰生石灰和4‰钙镁磷肥处理显著降低土壤中真菌的丰度.盆栽试验显示,生石灰和钙镁磷肥用量分别为1‰～4‰时,川党参根茎鲜重分别提高40.5%～78.5%和28.4%～78.8%.综上,生石灰和钙镁磷肥改良酸化川党参土壤(pH 4.12,土壤容重1.15 g·cm^-3,耕作层厚度15 cm)的适宜施用量分别为1.73～3.45 t·hm^-2和3.45～6.90 t·hm^-2;酸化土壤经处理后可达到川党参幼苗生长的适宜土壤pH(5.5～6.5).

Abstract: To solve the problem of soil acidification in the cultivation of Codonopsis tangshen, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate C. tangshen seed germination, seedling growth and soil exchangeable acid, microbial community structure after applying quicklime (QL) and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CMP). The results showed that QL and CMP treatments significantly improved the survival rate of C. tangshen seedlings from 147.7% to 326.7% and from 270.1% to 311.2%, respectively. The maximum increase rates of the height of C. tangshen seedlings were 516.7% and 546.3%, and that of root length were 798.0% and 679.2% in the treatments of QL and CMP, respectively. 1‰-4‰ QL or CMP treatments increased the relative chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of soluble protein of C. tangshen seedlings, decreased the content of malondialdehyde and superoxide anion radical of seedlings, increased soil pH by 0.88-2.02 units and 0.23-1.19 units, and decreased the exchangeable aluminum content in soil by 53.0%-95.3% and 17.6%-81.3%, respectively. Soil bacterial and actinomycetic abundances were significantly higher in 2‰-4‰ QL or CMP treatments than that in the control. Soil fungal abundance was significantly lower in the QL treatment of 2‰ and CMP treatment of 4‰. 1‰-4‰ QL or CMP treatments significantly increased fresh weight of C. tangshen tubers by 40.5%-78.5% and 28.4%-78.8%, respectively. In conclusion, the suitable quantity of QL and CMP for acidified soil (pH=4.12, ρb=1.15 g·cm^-3, tillage layer=15 cm) amendment were 1.73-3.45 t·hm^-2 and 3.45-6.90 t·hm^-2, and QL and CMP amendment could fit the optimum soil pH (5.5-6.5) for the growth of C. tangshen seedlings.

周武先, 何银生, 朱盈徽, 张美德, 段媛媛, 黄大野, 徐大兵, 艾伦强. 生石灰和钙镁磷肥对酸化川党参土壤的改良效果[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(9): 3224-3232.

ZHOU Wu-xian, HE Yin-sheng, ZHU Ying-hui, ZHANG Mei-de, DUAN Yuan-yuan, HUANG Da-ye, XU Da-bing, AI Lun-qiang. Improvement effects of quicklime and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on acidified soil cultivating Codonopsis tangshen.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(9): 3224-3232.

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生石灰和钙镁磷肥对酸化川党参土壤的改良效果

Improvement effects of quicklime and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on acidified soil cultivating Codonopsis tangshen.

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