澜沧江流域生态系统土壤保持功能及其空间分布

应用生态学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (08): 2249-2256.

澜沧江流域生态系统土壤保持功能及其空间分布

陈龙^1,2,谢高地^1**,裴厦^1,2,张昌顺¹,范娜^1,2,张彩霞¹,李士³

(¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101； ²中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049； ³青岛农业大学，山东青岛 266109)

出版日期:2012-08-18 发布日期:2012-08-18

Ecosystem’s soil conservation function and its spatial distribution in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China.

CHEN Long^1,2, XIE Gao-di^1, PEI Sha^1,2, ZHANG Chang-shun¹, FAN Na^1,2, ZHANG Cai-xia¹, LI Shi-mei³

(¹Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; ²Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ³Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China)

Online:2012-08-18 Published:2012-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于改进的通用土壤流失方程对澜沧江流域生态系统的土壤保持功能及其空间分布特征进行分析.结果表明：澜沧江流域是我国生态系统土壤保持能力最高的区域之一，其年均土壤保持量为2.36×10¹⁰ t·a^-1，单位面积土壤保持量为1453.72 t·hm^-2；土壤N、P、K元素保持量分别为5.74×10⁷、3.07×10⁷和3.75×10⁸ t·a^-1，从上游至下游呈递增趋势.各类生态系统中，森林生态系统土壤保持能力最高，草地和农田其次，荒漠生态系统最差.不同生态系统的土壤保持能力均随植被盖度的增加呈线性增长.澜沧江流域生态系统的植被盖度每增加10%，其土壤保持能力平均增加35.3%.在对该区域生态系统进行保护的基础上，因地制宜地合理增加植被盖度对防治土壤侵蚀、保持土壤养分可以起到良好效果.

Abstract: Based on the RUSLE model, this paper analyzed the ecosystem’s soil conservation function and its spatial distribution in Lancang River Basin. This Basin could be one of the regions having the highest ecosystem’s soil conservation capability in China, with an annual ecosystem’s soil conservation amount being 2.36×10¹⁰ t·a^-1 and the soil conservation amount per unit area being 1453.72 t·a^-1 per hectare. The total amounts of the N, P, and K conserved in soils were 5.74×10⁷, 3.07×10⁷, and 3.75×10⁸ t·a^-1, respectively, and presented an increasing trend from upstream to downstream. Among the ecosystems in the Basin, forest ecosystem had the highest soil conservation capability, followed by grassland and farmland, while desert ecosystem had the lowest one. The soil conservation capability of the ecosystems was linearly increased with the increase of vegetation coverage. Averagely, a 10% increment in the vegetation coverage could result in a 35.3% increment in soil conservation capability. To rationally increase the vegetation coverage by reliable ecosystem management based on local conditions would make good effect in preventing soil erosion and maintaining soil nutrients in the Basin.

陈龙1,2,谢高地1**,裴厦1,2,张昌顺1,范娜1,2,张彩霞1,李士3. 澜沧江流域生态系统土壤保持功能及其空间分布[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(08): 2249-2256.

CHEN Long1,2, XIE Gao-di1, PEI Sha1,2, ZHANG Chang-shun1, FAN Na1,2, ZHANG Cai-xia1, LI Shi-mei3. Ecosystem’s soil conservation function and its spatial distribution in Lancang River Basin, Southwest China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(08): 2249-2256.