不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (10): 2734-2744.

不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响

孙园园^1,2,孙永健^2,3,陈林⁴,徐徽^2,3,马均^2,3**

(¹中国气象局成都高原气象研究所, 成都 610072; ²四川农业大学水稻研究所, 四川温江 611130; ³农业部西南作物生理、生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江 611130; ⁴温江区气象局, 四川温江 611130)

出版日期:2012-10-18 发布日期:2012-10-18

Effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of hybrid rice.

SUN Yuan-yuan^1,2, SUN Yong-jian^2,3, CHEN Lin⁴, XU Hui^2,3, MA Jun^2,3

(¹Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China; ²Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China; ³Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China; ⁴Wenjiang Weather Bureau, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China)

Online:2012-10-18 Published:2012-10-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以耐阴性中等的杂交稻川香9838为材料，研究不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻抽穗期光合特征、渗透调节物质、保护性酶活性和产量的影响.结果表明：不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对水稻抽穗期干物质积累、剑叶光合速率、抗氧化酶活性和产量均有显著影响.随播期的推迟，全生育期明显缩短，稻谷产量呈不同程度的下降趋势.与对照相比，抽穗期轻度弱光胁迫(遮光20%)能缓解水稻生育过程中面临的高温及强光照危害，进而能缓解剑叶光合速率和抽穗期干物质累积的降低，调节抗氧化酶活性，适度提高结实率；而抽穗期中度(遮光40%)、重度(遮光60%)弱光胁迫均不利于水稻生长.剑叶光合速率、丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性对播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫较为敏感.水稻始穗1～5 d剑叶光合速率与稻谷产量和抽穗后干物质积累量显著相关.

Abstract: Hybrid rice Chuanxiang 9838 with medium shade-endurance was taken as the test material to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the flag leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n), osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzyme activities and the grain yield of hybrid rice. Sowing date and lowlight stress at heading stage had significant effects on the flag leaf P_n and antioxidant enzyme activities and plant dry matter accumulation at heading stage and the grain yield. With the delay of sowing date, the whole period of rice growth and development shortened notably, and the grain yield decreased to different degrees. Compared with the control, short-term slight low-light stress (20% shading) at heading stage could relieve the harms from high temperature and strong light, and further, relieve the decrease of flag leaf P_n and plant dry matter accumulation at heading stage, adjust the flag leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, and moderately improve the seed setting rate. However, short-term medium low-light stress (40% shading) and serious lowlight stress (60% shading) were not beneficial to the rice growth. Correlation analysis indicated that the flag leaf P_n, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were more sensitive to the sowing date and low-light stress at heading stage, and there existed a highly significant positive correlation between the flag leaf P_n at initial heading stage (1-5 d) and the plant dry matter accumulation at late heading stage and grain yield.

孙园园1,2,孙永健2,3,陈林4,徐徽2,3,马均2,3**. 不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(10): 2734-2744.

SUN Yuan-yuan1,2, SUN Yong-jian2,3, CHEN Lin4, XU Hui2,3, MA Jun2,3. Effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of hybrid rice.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(10): 2734-2744.