海涂土壤结构改良对水稻叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201910.026

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 3435-3442.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201910.026

海涂土壤结构改良对水稻叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响

阿力木·阿布来提¹, 姚怀柱², 宋云飞³, 费远航¹, 佘冬立^1*

¹河海大学农业工程学院, 南京 210098;
²江苏省农村水利科技发展中心, 南京 210029;
³江苏省常州市金坛区自然资源局, 江苏常州 213200

收稿日期:2018-11-09 出版日期:2019-10-20 发布日期:2019-10-20
通讯作者: *E-mail: shedongli@hhu.edu.cn
作者简介:阿力木·阿布来提, 男, 1992年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事农业水土资源保护研究. E-mail: 1347326303@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41471180)、江苏省国土科技项目(2017032)和江苏省水利科技项目(2016008)资助

Effects of soil structure improvement on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of rice in a coastal reclamation region

A LIMU·A-Bu-lai-ti¹, YAO Huai-zhu², SONG Yun-fei³, FEI Yuan-hang¹, SHE Dong-li^1*

¹College of Agricultural Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
²Development Center for Science and Technology of Rural Water Resources of Jiangsu, Nanjing 210029, China;
³Bureau of Natural Resources of Jintan District, Changzhou 213200, Jiangsu, China

Received:2018-11-09 Online:2019-10-20 Published:2019-10-20
Contact: *E-mail: shedongli@hhu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41471180), the Land and Resources Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province (2017032) and the Water Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province (2016008).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索添加生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)改良海涂围垦区土壤结构对水稻叶片叶绿素荧光特性和产量的影响,开展测坑栽培试验.试验供试土壤分别设置3个水平生物炭(0%、2%、5%,分别表示为B₁、B₂和B₃,占表层0~20 cm土重比)和PAM(0‰、0.4‰、1‰,分别表示为P₁、P₂和P₃,占表层0~20 cm土重比)添加量处理.3年试验结果表明: 添加适宜生物炭和PAM有利于改善水稻叶片荧光特性,而高浓度生物碳和PAM对其影响不明显,甚至出现抑制现象.各生育期水稻叶片最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、实际量子产量(Φ_PSⅡ)、光化学淬灭(q_P)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)均在B₂P₂组合处理下达到峰值.生物炭添加量处理间水稻叶片叶绿素量(SPAD值)无明显差异,而PAM添加量不同导致水稻叶片SPAD值差异显著,添加0.4‰PAM(P₂)下水稻叶片SPAD值最高.添加生物炭和PAM改良盐渍土对水稻产量影响显著,在B₂P₂组合处理下产量最高,达到7236 kg·hm^-2;与对照组(B₁P₁)相比,产量提高了28.5%.添加生物炭和PAM改良海涂盐渍土对水稻产量的影响主要是通过对水稻千粒重、每穴穗数、每穗粒数和结实率的影响而实现的.添加适量生物炭和PAM改良滩涂围垦区土壤结构有利于提高水稻叶绿素荧光特性和产量.

Abstract: To examine the effects of soil structure improvement due to the amendment of biochar and polyacrylamide (PAM) on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice leaves and the yield of rice, a pit cultivation experiment was carried out in a coastal reclamation region. Three levels of biochar (0%, 2% and 5% by the mass of 0-20 cm surface soil and noted as B₁, B₂ and B₃, respectively) and PAM (0‰, 0.4‰ and 1‰ by the mass of 0-20 cm surface soil and noted as P_1,P₂ and P₃, respectively) were applied to the adopted soil, respectively. The results of the three-year experiment showed that an appropriate application quantity of biochar and PAM could improve the fluorescence characteristics of rice leaves. However, high levels of biochar and PAM had no obvious or even a negative effect. Among all the treatments, the B₂P₂ treatment always had the highest the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Φ_PSⅡ), the photochemical quenching coefficient (q_P) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) values during the whole growth period. The chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of rice leaves showed no significant difference among different biochar application levels. However, it showed significant differences among different PAM application levels, with the highest value under the soil amended with 0.4‰ PAM (the P₂ treatment). The application of biochar and PAM had significant impacts on rice yield, with the highest yield, namely 7236 kg·hm^-2, presenting under the B₂P₂ treatment, which was 28.5% higher than that of the control. The improved soil structure of the coastal saline soil due to the amendment of biochar and PAM affects rice yield mainly through its influences on the 1000-grain weight, the spike number per hole, the grain number per spike and the seed setting rate. It is concluded that improving soil structure by applying an appropriate quantity of biochar and PAM is conducive to increase the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and the yield of rice in the coastal reclamation region.

阿力木·阿布来提, 姚怀柱, 宋云飞, 费远航, 佘冬立. 海涂土壤结构改良对水稻叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(10): 3435-3442.

A LIMU·A-Bu-lai-ti, YAO Huai-zhu, SONG Yun-fei, FEI Yuan-hang, SHE Dong-li. Effects of soil structure improvement on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of rice in a coastal reclamation region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(10): 3435-3442.

参考文献

[1] Ding JL, Yu DL. Monitoring and evaluating spatial variability of soil salinity in dry and wet seasons in the Werigan-Kuqa Oasis, China, using remote sensing and electromagnetic induction instruments. Geoderma, 2014, 235/236: 316-322
[2] Zhao X (赵宣), Hao Q-L (郝起礼), Sun Y-Y (孙婴婴). Spatial heterogeneity of soil salinization and its influencing factors in the typical region of the Mu Us Desert-Loess Plateau transitional zone, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(6): 1761-1768 (in Chinese)
[3] Xu Y (许艳), Pu L-J (濮励杰). The variation of land use pattern in tidal flat reclamation zones in Jiangsu coastal area: A case study of Rudong County of Jiangsu Province. Journal of Natural Resources (自然资源学报), 2014, 29(4): 643-652 (in Chinese)
[4] Li X-L (李旭霖), Liu Q-H (刘庆花), Liu X-W (柳新伟), et al. Improving effect of different amendment treatments in coastal saline-alkali soil. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持通报), 2015, 35(2): 219-224 (in Chinese)
[5] Lehmann JD, Joseph S. Biochar for environmental management: Science, technology and implementation. Science and Technology, 2015, 25: 15801-15811
[6] Chen W-F (陈温福), Zhang W-M (张伟明), Meng J (孟军), et al. Researches on biochar application technology. Engineering Sciences (中国工程科学), 2011, 13(2): 83-88 (in Chinese)
[7] Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal: A review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2002, 35: 219-230
[8] Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, et al. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006, 70: 1719-1730
[9] Steiner C, Glaser B, Teixeira WG, et al. Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal. Journal of Plant Nutrient and Soil Science, 2008, 171: 893-899
[10] Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, et al. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos. Field Crops Research, 2009, 111: 81-84
[11] Haefele SM, Konboon Y, Wongboon W, et al. Effects and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems. Field Crops Research, 2011, 121: 430-440
[12] Liu Y-X (刘玉学), Wang Y-F (王耀锋), Lyu H-H (吕豪豪), et al. Effects of biochar application on greenhouse gas emission from paddy soil and its physical and chemical properties. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(8): 2166-2172 (in Chinese)
[13] Tian A-L (田阿林), Lei T (雷涛), Zou Y-B (邹应斌), et al. Effects of biochar addition on growth and physiological characteristics and yield of rice. China Rice (中国稻米), 2018, 24(3): 25-29 (in Chinese)
[14] Cao Y-T (曹雨桐), She D-L (佘冬立). Effects of biochar and PAM application on saline soil hydraulic pro-perties of coastal reclamation region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(11): 3684-3690 (in Chinese)
[15] Han F-P (韩凤朋), Zheng J-Y (郑纪勇), Li Z-B (李占斌), et al. Effect of PAM on soil physical properties and water distribution. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2010, 26(4):70-74 (in Chinese)
[16] Yuan X-F (员学峰), Wu P-T (吴普特), Feng H (冯浩), et al. Role of polyacrylamide on soil structure and increasing yield. Research of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究), 2002, 9(2): 55-58 (in Chinese)
[17] Zhang W-M (张伟明), Meng J (孟军), Wang J-Y (王嘉宇), et al. Effect of biochar on root morphological and physiological characteristics and yield in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2013, 39(8): 1445-1451 (in Chinese)
[18] Wang M-H (王明华), Li M (李明), Gao Q (高祺), et al. Effects of amendments on growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings on saline-alkali soil. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2016, 35(11): 2966-2973 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhang S-R (张守仁). A discussion on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and their significance. Bulletin of Botany (植物学通报), 1999, 16(4): 444-448 (in Chinese)
[20] Chen Y (陈盈), Zhang M-L (张满利), Liu X-P (刘宪平), et al. Effects of biochar on chlorophyll fluorescence at full heading stage and yield components of rice. Crops (作物杂志), 2016(3): 94-98 (in Chinese)
[21] Zhao L-Y (赵丽英), Deng X-P (邓西平), Shan L (山仑). Effects of osmotic stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of wheat seedling. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2005, 16(7): 1261-1264 (in Chinese)
[22] Ralph PJ, Gademann R. Rapid light curves: A powerful tool to assess photosynthetic activity. Aquatic Botany, 2005, 82: 222-237
[23] Guo X-P (郭相平), Wang F (王甫), Wang Z-C (王振昌), et al. Effects of irrigation modes on yield and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics after heading stage of rice. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2017, 36(3): 1-6 (in Chinese)
[24] Zhang Z-X (张忠学), Zheng E-N (郑恩楠), Wang C-M (王长明), et al. Effect of different water and nitrogen levels on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic characteristics of rice. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery (农业机械学报), 2017, 48(6): 176-183 (in Chinese)
[25] Oguntunde PG, Abiodun BJ, Ajayi AE, et al. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008, 171: 591-596
[26] Wu Z-Z (吴志庄), Gao G-B (高贵宾), Ou J-D (欧建德), et al. Effects of the application of biochar-based fertilizer on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis & fluorescence characteristics of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum under Moso Bamboo Forest. Journal of Northwest Forestry University (西北林学院学报), 2017, 32(5): 59-63 (in Chinese)
[27] Yang Y-H (杨永辉), Wu J-C (武继承), Zhao S-W (赵世伟), et al. Effects of PAM on soil retention water. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science) (西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版), 2007, 35(12): 120-124 (in Chinese)
[28] Zhu H (朱海), Hu S-J (胡顺军), Liu X (刘翔), et al. Spatio-temporal variations of soil moisture in the root zone of Haloxylon ammodendron at different life stages. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2017, 37(3): 860-867 (in Chinese)
[29] van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Morris S, et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil, 2010, 327: 235-246
[30] Fang B (房彬), Li X-Q (李心清), Zhao B (赵斌), et al. Influence of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in rainfed field. Ecology and Environment Sciences (生态环境学报), 2014, 23(8): 1292-1297 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhou J-S (周劲松), Yan P (闫平), Zhang W-M (张伟明), et al. Effects of biochar on seedling growth, nutrient absorption of japonica rice and mineral element contents of substrate soil. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2016, 35(11): 2952-2959 (in Chinese)
[32] Liu S-J (刘世杰), Dou S (窦森). The effects of black carbon on growth of maize and the absorption and leaching of nutrients. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2009, 23(1): 79-82 (in Chinese)
[33] Zhao P-X (肇普兴), Xia H-J (夏海江). The main role for polyacrylamide to increase yield. Research of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究), 1997, 4(4): 98-104 (in Chinese)
[34] Xing R (邢睿), Huang J-G (黄建国), Jin Y (晋艳), et al. Influence of crosslinked poluacrylate amine and AM fungi on growth, nutrient uptake and physiological indices of flue-cured tobacco seedlings. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2010, 24(4): 234-237 (in Chinese)

海涂土壤结构改良对水稻叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响

Effects of soil structure improvement on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of rice in a coastal reclamation region

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价