宁夏枸杞根际土壤线虫群落特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201605.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 宁夏枸杞具有很高的药用价值和营养价值,在宁夏大面积种植,带来了巨大的经济效益.研究不同条件下宁夏枸杞根际土壤线虫群落特征,对防止枸杞园土壤退化具有重要意义.以宁夏枸杞之乡——中宁为研究区,系统分析了季节、树龄和土层对枸杞根际土壤线虫数量和生态指数的影响.结果表明: 夏季宁夏枸杞根际土壤线虫数量最多,小杆属和拟丽突属为优势属;春季线虫数量最少,小杆属、针属和盘旋属为优势属;从春季到秋季,线虫稀有属种类和个体密度逐渐减少.随着树龄的增加,夏季根际土壤线虫总数逐渐减少;春季和秋季枸杞根际线虫总数先增加后减少,其中9年树龄根际土壤线虫总数最多.各树龄根际均为食细菌线虫所占比例最大,食真菌线虫和捕食-杂食类线虫比例很小,树龄<3年和>9年时植物寄生线虫比例相对较大.夏季枸杞根际20～40 cm比0～20 cm土壤线虫数量增加49.4%.随着树龄的增加,枸杞根际土壤线虫多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均呈减小-增大-减小的趋势,而优势度指数先减小后增大.土壤pH值与土壤线虫优势度指数呈显著正相关;土壤有机质和速效磷与植物寄生线虫分别呈显著正相关和负相关;土壤碱解氮与线虫总数呈显著正相关;速效钾与线虫多个生态指数均呈显著负相关.整体上,随着树龄的增加,春季和秋季土壤线虫数量先增加后减少,夏季土壤线虫数量呈逐渐减少的趋势;线虫多样性下降,土壤逐渐退化.此外,在幼林和树龄>9年后需要抑制土壤植物寄生线虫的繁殖,以减少后期因线虫引起的病害.

Abstract: Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) is an important Chinese herbal medicine and tonic species, having great contribution to local economic growth in Ningxia. It is important to study the rhizosphere nematode community structure at different conditions to prevent soil degradation of L. barbarum. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seasonal changes, planting age and soil layers on soil nematodes community structure. The research was based on Zhongning County, where L. barbarum originated. The results showed that the abundance of soil nematode in summer was the highest and Rhabditidae and Acrobeloides were the dominant genera; the abundance of nematode in spring was significantly less than that in summer and in autumn; Rhabditidae, Pararotylenchus and Rotylenchus were the dominant genera in spring. The type and quantity of rare genera decreased gradually from spring to autumn. The abundance of nematode was increased then decreased in spring and autumn. The abundance of nematode gradually decreased with the planting age in summer. The proportion of bacterivores was the highest, and fungivorous nematodes and predators-omnivores had the lowest abundance. Plant parasites nematode was relatively higher at young and over 9-year stages. The abundance of nematode in 20-40 cm soil layer was 49.4% higher than that in 0-20 cm soil layer in summer. With the increase of planting age, Shannon diversity index (H), evenness index and richness index of nematode were in a decreased-increased-decreased pattern of change, and dominance index decreased then increased. There was significant positive correlation between soil pH and dominance index in summer. Organic matter was significantly positively correlated while available P was negatively correlated with plant parasites nematodes. Alkali-hydrolyzable N was significantly positively correlated with abundance of nematode, while available K and many nematode indexes were significantly negatively correlated. On the whole, the abundance of nematode had an increased-decreased tendency with the increasing of planting age in spring and autumn, while the abundance of nematode decreased in summer and diversity of nematode community decreased, gradually. In addition, the reproduction of plant parasites nematodes should be inhibited at young and over 9-years to ensure the L. barbarum live through the following periods.

张俊华, 郑国琦. 宁夏枸杞根际土壤线虫群落特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(5): 1647-1656.

ZHANG Jun-hua, ZHENG Guo-qi. Soil nematode community structure in the rhizosphere of Lycium barbarum.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(5): 1647-1656.

参考文献

[1] Zhang XK, Guan PT, Wang YL, et al. Community composition, diversity and metabolic footprints of soil nematodes in differently-aged temperate forests. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015, 8: 118-126
[2] Cesarz S, Ruess L, Jacob M, et al. Tree species diversity versus tree species identity: Driving forces in structuring forest food webs as indicated by soil nematodes. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 62: 36-45
[3] Rivera MJ, Rodriguez-Saona C, Jennings DE, et al. Assessing the impact of cultivation and plant domestication of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) on soil properties and associated plant-parasitic nematode communities. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015, 88: 25-28
[4] Sohlenius B. Inuence of clear-cutting and forest age on the nematode fauna in a Swedish pine forest soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 2002, 19: 261-277
[5] Sun X-M (孙晓铭), Duan Y-X (段玉玺), Zhao L (赵磊), et al. Diversity of soil nematodes in orchards in Liaoning Province. Journal of Fruit Science (果树学报), 2010, 27(3): 410-415 (in Chinese)
[6] Panesar TS, Marshall VG, Barclay HJ. Abundance and diversity of soil nematodes in chronnsequences of coastal Douglas-fir on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Pedobiologia, 2001, 45: 193-212
[7] Hnel L. Succession of soil nematodes in pine forests on coal-mining sands near Cottbus, Germany. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 16: 23-34
[8] Li W-J (李文娇), Yang D-L (杨殿林), Zhao J-M (赵建宁), et al. Progress on effects of long-term continuous cropping and rotation systems on farmland soil biological characteristics. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2015, 31(3): 173-178 (in Chinese)
[9] Biederman LA, Boutton TW. Biodiversity and trophic structure of soil nematode communities are altered following woody plant invasion of grassland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009, 41: 1943-1950
[10] Xue H-Y (薛会英), Luo D-Q (罗大庆), Yu B-Z (于宝政). Community characteristics of soil nematode in Abies georgei var. smithii forest in Sejila Mountain of Tibet, Southwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(12): 3402-3408 (in Chinese)
[11] Jiang C, Sun B, Li HX, et al. Determinants for seasonal change of nematode community composition under long-term application of organic manure in an acid soil in subtropical China. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2013, 55: 91-99
[12] Li Q, Jiang Y, Liang WJ, et al. Nematode diversity in phaeozem agroecosystems of Northeast China. Pedosphere, 2009, 19: 597-605
[13] Ito T, Araki M, Higashi T, et al. Responses of soil nematode community structure to soil carbon changes due to different tillage and cover crop management practices over a nine-year period in Kanto, Japan. Applied Soil Ecology, 2015, 89: 50-58
[14] Malherbe S, Marais D. Nematode community profiling as a soil biology monitoring tool in support of sustainable tomato production: A case study from South Africa. Applied Soil Ecology, 2015, 93: 19-27
[15] Liu T (刘婷), Ye C-L (叶成龙), Chen X-Y (陈小云), et al. Effects of different organic manure sources and their combinations with chemical fertilization on soil nematode community structure in a paddy field of East China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(12): 3508-3516 (in Chinese)
[16] Pokharel R, Marahatta SP, Handoo ZA, et al. Nematode community structures in different deciduous tree fruits and grape in Colorado, USA and impact of organic peach and apple production practices. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2015, 67: 59-68
[17] Zhao Z-H (赵紫华), Zhang R (张蓉), He D-H (贺达汉), et al. Risk assessment and control strategies of pests in Lycium barbarum fields underdifferent managements. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2009, 20(4): 843-850 (in Chinese)
[18] Zhang R (张蓉), Zhao Z-H (赵紫华), He D-H (贺达汉), et al. The structure and dynamics of arthropod communities in Chinese wolfberry fields under different disturbances. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2010, 30(10): 2656-2664 (in Chinese)
[19] Yeates GW. Nematodes as soil indicators: Functional and biodiversity aspects. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2003, 37: 199-210
[20] Chauvin C, Dorel M, Villenave C, et al. Biochemical characteristics of cover crop litter affect the soil food web, organic matter decomposition, and regulation of plant-parasitic nematodes in a banana field soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 2015, 96: 131-140
[21] Lu R-K (鲁如坤). Soil and Agricutural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[22] Liang WJ, Lou YL, Li Q, et al. Nematode faunal response to long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure in Northeast China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41: 883-890
[23] Bongers T. The maturity index: An ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia, 1990, 83: 14-19
[24] Yin W-Y (尹文英). Pictorial Keys to Soil Animals of China. Beijing: Science Press, 1998 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhang X-K (张晓珂), Dong X-W (董锡文), Liang W-J (梁文举), et al. Soil nematode community composition and diversity along an active sand dune in Horqin sandy land. Soils (土壤), 2009, 41(5): 749-756 (in Chinese)
[26] Zhang W-D (张伟东), Shang Y-F (尚艳芳), Wang X-F (王雪峰). The response of soil nematode community to vegetation restoration in Shimenshan in Dalian. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报), 2010, 30(4): 878-886 (in Chinese)
[27] Thompson JP. Modelling population densities of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) from soil profile temperatures to choose an optimum sowingdate for wheat in a subtropical region. Field Crops Research, 2015, 183: 50-55
[28] Porazinska DL, Duncan LW, Mcsorley R, et al. Nematode communities as indicators of status and processes of a soil ecosystem influenced by agricultural management practices. Applied Soil Ecology, 1999, 13: 69-86
[29] Laurent AS, Merwin IA, Thies JE. Long-term orchard groundcover management systems affect soil microbial communities and apple replant disease severity. Plant and Soil, 2008, 304: 209-225
[30] Sharma GC, Kashyap AS. Effect of intercropping on the nematode population and yield of peach (Prunus persica Batsch.). Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2004, 61: 273-275
[31] Xiao HF, Tian YH, Zhou HP, et al. Intensive rubber cultivation degrades soil nematode communities in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014, 76: 161-169
[32] Sohlenius B. Influence of clear-cutting and forest age on the nematode fauna in a Swedish pine forest soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 2002, 19: 261-277
[33] Pan FJ, Mclaughlin NB, Yu Q, et al. Responses of soil nematode community structure to different long-term fertilizer strategies in the soybean phase of a soybean-wheat-corn rotation. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2010, 46: 105-111
[34] Jiang C (江春), Huang J-H (黄菁华), Li X-Q (李修强). Responeses of soil nematode community to long-term application of organic manure in upland red soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2011, 48(6): 1235-1241 (in Chinese)
[35] Fonte SJ, Barrios E, Six J. Earthworms, soil fertility and aggregate-associated soil organic matter dynamics in the Quesungual agroforestry system. Geoderma, 2010, 155: 320-328
[36] Zhu X-Y (朱新玉), Zhu B (朱波). Effect of diffe-rent fertilization regimes on the main groups of soil fauna in cropland of purple Soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学), 2015, 48(5): 911-920 (in Chinese)
[37] Hua C (华萃), Wu P-F (吴鹏飞), He X-J (何先进), et al. Effects of different amounts of straw returning treatments on soil nematode community in purple soil. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2014, 22(3): 392-400 (in Chinese)