长期施肥对双季稻种植下土壤有机碳库和固碳量的影响

应用生态学报

长期施肥对双季稻种植下土壤有机碳库和固碳量的影响

孙玉桃^1,2,廖育林^1,2,郑圣先^1,2**,聂军^1,2,鲁艳红^1,2,谢坚^1,2

(¹湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125； ²农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125)

出版日期:2013-03-18 发布日期:2013-03-18

Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon pool and carbon sequestration under double rice cropping.

SUN Yu-tao^{1, 2}, LIAO Yu-lin^{1, 2}, ZHENG Sheng-xian^{1, 2}, NIE Jun^1,2, LU Yan-hong^1,2

(¹Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China; ^2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Hunan), Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China)

Online:2013-03-18 Published:2013-03-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了长期施用化肥和猪粪(PM)、稻草(RS)对双季稻集约化种植下30年期间(1981—2010年)土壤有机碳(SOC)及其组分的影响.结果表明：化肥平衡施用处理(NPK)的SOC、颗粒有机C(POC)和KMnO₄氧化C(KMnO₄C)组分高于化肥非平衡施用处理(NP和NK)；猪粪、稻草与化肥(NK+PM、NP+RS和NPK+RS)长期配合施用处理的SOC、POC和KMnO₄C组分显著增加.连续种植30年60季水稻后,猪粪与NK配施处理0～45 cm土层的SOC(84.71 t C·hm^-2)、POC(8.94 t C·hm^-2)和KMnO₄C(21.09 t C·hm^-2)数量最高,其次是NPK+RS处理；NK+PM处理(485 kg C·hm^-2·a^-1)的固C量最高,其次是NPK+RS处理(375 kg C·hm^-2·a^-1).化肥与猪粪、稻草配施处理SOC的固C效率(CSE)明显高于单施化肥处理；施肥处理POC的固C效率(0.4%～1.2%)低于KMnO₄C(3.0%～8.3%).采用腐殖化常数值(h)和Jenkinson方程的衰减常数(k)可以预测不同处理2010年的SOC储量,通过Jenkinson方程可以计算维持1981年的SOC储量水平所需要的C投入量(A_E).双季稻种植下，长期连续施用NK+PM、NP+RS和NPK+RS处理的SOC含量增加是由于年C输入量高于A_E所致.在南方亚热带双季稻种植区,化肥与猪粪、稻草长期配施将促进水稻土有机碳的固定.

Abstract:

This paper studied the effects of 30 years (1981-2010) fertilization with chemical N, P, and K, pig manure (PM), and rice straw (RS) on the soil organic carbon (SOC) and its components contents under intensive double rice cropping. The experiment was established on a typic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols in Hunan in 1981, and the soil samples were collected in November 2010. In treatment NPK, the contents of SOC, particulate organic C (POC), and KMnO₄oxidizable C (KMnO₄C) were higher than those in treatments NP and NK. The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers (treatments NK+PM, NP+RS, and NPK+RS) made the contents of SOC, POC, and KMnO₄C have a significant increase, as compared with chemical fertilizations. Treatment NK+PM had the highest contents of SOC (84.71 t C·hm^-2), POC (8.94 t C·hm^-2), and KMnO₄C (21.09 t C·hm^-2) in top soil (0-45 cm), followed by treatment NPK+RS. Treatment NK+PM had the highest C sequestration (485 kg C·hm^-2·a^-1), followed by treatment NPK+RS (375 kg C·hm^-2·a^-1). The C sequestration efficiency (CSE) of SOC in the treatments of chemical fertilizers plus pig manure or rice straw was obviously higher than that in the treatments of chemical fertilizations, and the CSE of the POC in fertilization treatments (ranging from 0.4% and 1.2%) was lower than that of the KMnO₄C (ranging from 3.0% to 8.3%). By using the values of humification constant (h) and the decay constant (k) in Jenkinson’s equation, it was possible to predict the SOC storages in different treatments in the year 2010; and by using Jenkinson’s equation, it was possible to calculate the C input required to maintain the SOC storages in the year 1981 (A_E). The increase of the SOC in treatments NK+PM, NP+RS, and NPK+RS was due to the annual C input being higher than the A_E. It was considered that in the double rice cropping areas in subtropical region of China, long-term application of chemical fertilizers combined with pig manure or rice straw could promote the organic carbon sequestration in paddy soils.

孙玉桃1,2,廖育林1,2,郑圣先1,2**,聂军1,2,鲁艳红1,2,谢坚1,2. 长期施肥对双季稻种植下土壤有机碳库和固碳量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

SUN Yu-tao1, 2, LIAO Yu-lin1, 2, ZHENG Sheng-xian1, 2, NIE Jun1,2, LU Yan-hong1,2, XIE Jian1,2. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon pool and carbon sequestration under double rice cropping.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.