采煤矿区的生态脆弱性——以内蒙古锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为例

应用生态学报

采煤矿区的生态脆弱性——以内蒙古锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为例

全占军^1,2**,李远³,李俊生¹,韩煜¹,肖能文¹,付梦娣^1

(¹中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京 100012； ^2北京师范大学减灾与应急管理研究院地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室，北京 100875； ^3环境保护部华南环境科学研究所，广州 510655)

出版日期:2013-06-18 发布日期:2013-06-18

Ecological vulnerability of coal mining area: A case study of Shengli Coalfield in Xilinguole of Inner Mongolia, China.

QUAN Zhan-jun^1,2, LI Yuan³, LI Jun-sheng¹, HAN Yu¹, XIAO Neng-wen¹, FU Meng-di¹

(¹State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; ²State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; ^3South China Institute of Environmental Sciences， MEP, Guangzhou 510655, China)

Online:2013-06-18 Published:2013-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为典型研究区，构建了由生态敏感性、自然与社会压力及生态恢复力3方面16个因子组成的生态脆弱性评估指标体系，基于专家打分法和层次分析法建立了生态脆弱性模型，借助遥感及地理信息工具完成了对区域生态脆弱性指数的计算，分析了土地利用与生态脆弱性的关系，并通过空间自相关分析对计算结果进行了全局及局部聚类检验.结果表明：研究区脆弱性总体属于中等偏高水平；胜利煤田4个露天矿的开采导致采区脆弱性显著增加，由于矿井疏干水和人为活动的影响，矿区周边300～2000 m范围都演变为生态高脆弱性区；随着矿区的进一步开发，整个煤田都将转变为中度和重度脆弱区，而煤炭资源开采是导致区域脆弱性提高的主要因素.全区及局部聚类结果显示，该区域脆弱性空间分布有很好的聚类特征.降低矿区人口密度、控制草地载畜水平、控制建设用地和耕地比率是解决矿区社会经济压力的最佳途径，增加投入、提高植被恢复系数是改变区域生态脆弱性的根本措施.

Abstract: In this paper, an ecological vulnerability evaluation index system for the Shengli Coalfield in Xilinguole of Inner Mongolia was established, which included 16 factors in ecological sensitivity, natural and social pressure, and ecological recovery capacity, respectively. Based on the expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), an ecological vulnerability model was built for the calculation of the regional ecological vulnerability by means of RS and GIS spatial analysis. An analysis of the relationships between land use and ecological vulnerability was also made, and the results were tested by spatial auto-correlation analysis. Overall, the ecological vulnerability of the study area was at medium-high level. The exploitation of four opencast areas in the Coalfield caused a significant increase of ecological vulnerability. Moreover, due to the effects of mine drained water and human activities, the 300-2000 m around the opencast areas was turning into higher ecologically fragile area. With further exploitation, the whole Coalfield was evolved into moderate and heavy ecological vulnerability area, and the coal resources mining was a key factor in this process. The cluster analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the ecological vulnerability in the study area had reasonable clustering characteristics. To decrease the population density, control the grazing capacity of grassland, and regulate the ratios of construction land and cultivated land could be the optimal ways for resolving the natural and social pressure, and to increase the investment and improve the vegetation recovery coefficient could be the fundamental measures for decreasing the ecological vulnerability of the study area.

全占军1,2**,李远3,李俊生1,韩煜1,肖能文1,付梦娣1. 采煤矿区的生态脆弱性——以内蒙古锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为例[J]. 应用生态学报.

QUAN Zhan-jun1,2, LI Yuan3, LI Jun-sheng1, HAN Yu1, XIAO Neng-wen1, FU Meng-di1. Ecological vulnerability of coal mining area: A case study of Shengli Coalfield in Xilinguole of Inner Mongolia, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.