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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 735-743.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202003.017

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灌木斑块格局对产流及产沙过程的影响

赵明1, 杨晓楠1, 陈攀宇1, 孙文义1,2*, 穆兴民1,2, 高鹏1,2, 赵广举1,2   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    2中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-14 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-15
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: sunwy@ms.iswc.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:赵明, 男, 1996年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事生态水文研究。E-mail: 1147450074@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402401)资助

Effects of shrub patch pattern on runoff and sediment yield

ZHAO Ming1, YANG Xiao-nan1, CHEN Pan-yu1, SUN Wen-yi1,2*, MU Xing-min1,2, GAO Peng1,2, ZHAO Guang-ju1,2   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2019-11-14 Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-15
  • Contact: E-mail: sunwy@ms.iswc.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0402401)

摘要: 研究景观斑块盖度和连通方式影响下坡面径流、输沙及其水动力学参量的变化规律,对于揭示坡面土壤侵蚀过程的水动力机制和水文连通性具有重要意义。本研究采用野外人工模拟降雨试验,分析灌木样地不同覆盖度水平(0%、20%、40%、60%、90%)和不同连通方式(竖路径、横路径、S路径、随机斑块路径)下坡面径流、输沙及其水动力学参量的变化。结果表明: 随灌木覆盖度增加,产流量和产沙量均呈指数递减趋势;覆盖度增加到60%以上时,灌木减水减沙能力趋于稳定。随灌木覆盖度增加,流速、径流深、雷诺数、弗劳德数、径流功率和径流剪切力显著降低,曼宁糙率系数和Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数显著增大;但当灌木覆盖度增加到60%以上时,水力学参数特征值变化无显著差异。4种连通方式的产流率大小依次为竖路径>S路径>横路径>随机斑块;产沙率表现为竖路径最大,S路径次之,横路径与随机斑块无显著差异。连通性差的路径(横路径、随机斑块路径)与连通性好的路径(竖路径、S路径)相比,表现出较强的水力传输阻力和较差的水力挟沙能力。研究灌木斑块不同覆盖度和不同组合方式对坡面产流产沙量和水动力参量的作用,阐明植被减水减沙的临界盖度和合理配置方式,可为黄土高原水土流失治理和黄河流域高质量发展提供重要的理论依据。

Abstract: Understanding the changes of runoff, sediment transport, and hydrodynamic parameters of slopes under the influence of landscape patch coverage and connectivity is of great significance for revealing the hydrodynamic mechanism and hydrological connectivity of slope soil erosion process. In this study, the changes of runoff, sediment transport and hydrodynamic parameters of downhill surface in different coverage levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 90%) and different connectivity modes (vertical path, horizonal path, S-shaped path, random patches) of shrublands were analyzed by field artificial simulated rainfall test. The results showed that, with the increases of shrub cove-rage, runoff yield and sediment yield decreased exponentially. When the coverage increased to more than 60%, the capacity of shrubs to reduce runoff and sediment became stable. With the increases of shrub coverage, flow velocity, flow depth, Reynolds number, Froude number, stream power, and flow shear resistance significantly decreased, while Manning’s roughness coefficient and Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient increased significantly. When shrub coverage increased to more than 60%, there was no significant difference in the eigenvalues of hydraulic parameters. The runoff rate under the four connectivity modes followed the order of vertical path > S-shaped path > horizonal path > random patches. The sediment rate was the largest in the vertical path, followed by the S-shaped path, and the horizonal path was not significantly different from the random patches. The path with poor connectivity (horizonal path, random patches) exhibited stronger resistance of hydraulic transmission and poor hydraulic sedimentation capacity than the well-connected path (vertical path, S-shaped path). Our results could provide important theoretical basis for soil erosion control on the Loess Plateau and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.