Abstract: Field test was carried out to study the effect of tillage in fallow period on soil water before sowing and growth stages, and nitrogen (N) absorption, translocation by wheat plant. The current data showed that tillage in fallow period improved the soil water at the depth of 0-300 cm before sowing and growth stages, especially in dry years. Such tillage significantly improved N accumulation in leaf, stem and sheath (SS) at anthesis, grain N accumulation at maturity, N mobilization in SS and the contribution of mobilized N to grain N, amount of mobilized N in leaf, level of N accumulation  before anthesis, N transportation from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis, and nitrogen accumulation after anthesis, which in turn enhanced the efficiency of N uptake. Deep tillage at 45 days after harvest had the best effect. Significant correlations were detected between soil water and N accumulation before anthesis as well as N translation from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis, particularly in dry years, while the correlation between soil water from sowing to anthesis and nitrogen accumulation amount after anthesis was significant in wet years, but not in dry years. Tillage in fallow period especially deep tillage after raining could benefit soil water preservation, as well as N absorption and translocation by plant.