不同覆膜集雨种植方式对旱地玉米叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响

应用生态学报

不同覆膜集雨种植方式对旱地玉米叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响

李尚中¹,樊廷录^2**,王勇¹,赵刚¹,王磊¹,唐小明¹,党翼¹,赵晖³

(¹甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所，兰州 730070； ²甘肃省农业科学院科研管理处，兰州 730070； ^3甘肃省农业职业技术学院，兰州 730020)

出版日期:2014-02-18 发布日期:2014-02-18

Effects of plastic film mulching and rain harvesting modes on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize.

LI Shang-zhong¹, FAN Ting-lu², WANG Yong¹, ZHAO Gang¹, WANG Lei¹, TANG Xiao-ming¹, DANG Yi¹, ZHAO Hui³

(¹Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; ²Scientific Management Department, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; ^3Gansu Agriculture Technology College, Lanzhou 730020, China)

Online:2014-02-18 Published:2014-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2007—2012年在黄土旱塬采用田间试验，比较了双垄面全膜覆盖沟播、双垄面半膜覆盖沟播、垄盖膜际播种和露地平播下，玉米叶绿素荧光动力学参数、产量和水分利用效率的差异.结果表明：全膜双垄沟播玉米叶片荧光产量(F_o)、最大荧光(F_m)、PSII最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、光适应状态下PSⅡ反应中心完全开放时的荧光强度(F)、光适应状态下
PSⅡ反应中心完全关闭时的荧光强度(F_m′)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、叶绿素荧光光化学猝灭(q_P)、非光化学猝灭(q_N)等玉米叶片叶绿素荧光参数日变化值均高于对照(露地平播)，1-q_P值低于对照，在13:00时，全膜双垄沟播处理叶绿素荧光参数值与对照差异显著，依次较对照增加5.3%、56.8%、10.7%、36.3%、23.6%、56.7%、64.4%、45.5%、23.6%，1-q_P值较对照低55.6%.无论是在干旱、平水、丰水年份，还是冰雹灾害年份，全膜双垄沟播产量和水分利用效率均最高.2007—2012年6年间全膜双垄沟播平均产量和水分利用效率分别为12650 kg·hm^-2和40.4 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2，分别比对照提高57.8%和61.6%，显著高于双垄面半膜覆盖沟播和垄盖膜际播种.表明全膜双垄沟播显著提高了玉米叶片光能转化效率，提升了旱作区玉米的生产能力，是进一步挖掘降水利用潜力和高产田创建的有效途径.

Abstract: The differences on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize were compared among full plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows (FFDRF), half plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows (HFDRF), plastic film mulching on ridge and planting in filmside (FS), and flat planting with no plastic film mulching (NM) under field conditions in dry highland of Loess Plateau in 2007-2012.The results showed that fluorescence yield (F_o), the maximum fluorescence yield (F_m), lightadapted fluorescence yield when PSⅡ reaction centers were totally open (F), lightadapted fluorescence yield when PSⅡ reaction centers closed (F_m′), the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(F_v/F_m), the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light (Φ_PSⅡ), the relative electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching (q_P) and nonphotochemical quenching (q_N) in maize leaves of FFDRF were higher than that of control (NM), and the value of 1-q_P was lower than that of control, at 13:00, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters values of FFDRF was significantly higher than control, which were increased by 5.3%, 568%, 10.7%, 36.3%, 23.6%, 56.7%, 64.4%, 45.5%, 23.6% and -55.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Yield and water use efficiency of FFDRF were the highest in every year no matter dry year, normal year, humid year and hail disaster year. Average yield and water use efficiency of FFDRF were 12650 kg·hm^-2 and 40.4 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2 during 2007-2012, increased by 57.8% and 61.6% compared with the control, respectively, and also significantly higher compared with HFDRF and PS. Therefore, it was concluded that FFDRF had significantly increased the efficiency of light energy conversion and improved the production capacity of dryland maize.

李尚中1,樊廷录2**,王勇1,赵刚1,王磊1,唐小明1,党翼1,赵晖3. 不同覆膜集雨种植方式对旱地玉米叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

LI Shang-zhong1, FAN Ting-lu2, WANG Yong1, ZHAO Gang1, WANG Lei1, TANG Xiao-ming1, DANG Yi1, ZHAO Hui3. Effects of plastic film mulching and rain harvesting modes on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.