减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响

应用生态学报

减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响

雍太文^1,2,刘小明^1,2,刘文钰^1,2,苏本营^1,2,宋春^2,3,杨峰^1,2,王小春^1,2,杨文钰^1,2**

(¹四川农业大学农学院, 成都 611130； ²农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 成都 611130； ^3四川农业大学资源环境学院生态环境研究所，成都 611130)

出版日期:2014-02-18 发布日期:2014-02-18

Effects of reduced N application rate on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system.

YONG Tai-wen^1,2, LIU Xiao-ming^1,2, LIU Wen-yu^1,2, SU Ben-ying^1,2, SONG Chun^2,3, YANG Feng^1,2, WANG Xiao-chun^1,2, YANG Wen-yu^1,2

(¹College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; ²Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Chengdu 611130, China; ^3Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

Online:2014-02-18 Published:2014-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验研究了种植方式（玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米-大豆套作）和施氮水平（0、180、240 N kg·hm^-2）对玉米和大豆产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用的影响.结果表明：与单作相比，玉米-大豆套作体系中玉米籽粒产量、地上部植株N、P、K吸收量及收获指数略有降低，而大豆籽粒产量、地上部植株N、P、K吸收量及收获指数显著提高.玉米-大豆套作系统的套作优势随施氮量的增加而降低，与当地农民常规施氮量(240 kg·hm^-2)相比，减量施氮（180 kg·hm^-2）处理下玉米和大豆产量、经济系数，以及N、P、K吸收量和收获指数、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率显著提高，土壤氮贡献率降低；与不施氮相比，减量施氮降低了玉米带土壤的全N、全P含量，提高了大豆带土壤的全N、全P、全K含量和玉米带土壤的全K含量.减量施氮水平下，玉米-大豆套作系统的周年籽粒总产量、地上部植株N、P、K总吸收量均高于玉米和大豆单作，土地当量比（LER）达2.28；玉米-大豆套作系统的氮肥吸收利用率比玉米单作高20.2%，比大豆单作低30.5%，土壤氮贡献率比玉米和大豆单作分别低20.0%和8.8%.玉米-大豆套作减量一体化施肥有利于提高系统周年作物产量和氮肥利用率.

Abstract: A field experiment with three N application rates (0, 180, 240 N kg·hm^-2, representing zero, reduced and conventional N application, respectively) and three planting patterns (maize monoculture, soybean monoculture and maizesoybean relay strip intercropping) was conducted to reveal the effects of cropping patterns and N application rates on yield, nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of maize and soybean. The results showed that the grain yield, N, P and K uptake and harvest index of the intercropped maize reduced slightly compared with the monoculture maize, however these indices of the intercropped soybean increased significantly compared with the monoculture. With the increase in nitrogen fertilizer application, the excellence of relay strip intercropping was weakened in the maize-soybean intercropping system. The grain yield, economic coefficient, N, P and K uptake, harvest index, N agronomy efficiency and N uptake efficiency of maize and soybean increased significantly at the reduced nitrogen rate (180 N kg·hm^-2), but the rate of soil N contribution declined, compared with the conventional rate of N application by local farmers (240 N kg·hm^-2). In the reduced nitrogen rate treatment, total soil N and P contents of the maize strip reduced, whereas the total soil N, P and K contents of soybean strip and the total K content of maize strip increased compared with the zero N application treatment. With the reduced N application, the annual total grain yield, N, P and K uptake of above-ground biomass in the maizesoybean relay strip intercropping system were higher than in the monoculture, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) was 2.28. N uptake efficiency of maize in the relay strip intercropping system was 20.2% higher than in the maize monoculture, and the index of soybean was 30.5% lower than in the monoculture. The rate of soil N contribution in the relay strip intercropping system was 20.0% and 8.8% lower than in the maize and soybean monoculture, respectively. The reduced N application in the maizesoybean relay strip intercropping system was helpful to promote annual grain yield and improve N utilization efficiency.

雍太文1,2,刘小明1,2,刘文钰1,2,苏本营1,2,宋春2,3,杨峰1,2,王小春1,2,杨文钰1,2**. 减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

YONG Tai-wen1,2, LIU Xiao-ming1,2, LIU Wen-yu1,2, SU Ben-ying1,2, SONG Chun2,3, YANG Feng1,2, WANG Xiao-chun1,2, YANG Wen-yu1,2. Effects of reduced N application rate on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.