氮高效利用基因型大麦的物质生产与氮素积累特性

应用生态学报

氮高效利用基因型大麦的物质生产与氮素积累特性

黄亿¹,李廷轩^1**,张锡洲¹,戢林²

(¹四川农业大学资源环境学院，四川温江 611130； ^2四川农业大学城乡建设学院，四川都江堰 611830)

出版日期:2014-07-18 发布日期:2014-07-18

Characteristics of dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in barley genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency.

HUANG Yi¹, LI Ting-xuan¹, ZHANG Xi-zhou¹, JI Lin^2

(¹College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China; ²College of Urban and Rural Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China)

Online:2014-07-18 Published:2014-07-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过土培盆栽试验，研究了22份大麦材料在低氮(125 mg·kg^-1)和正常氮(250 mg·kg^-1)处理下氮素吸收利用效率的基因型差异，探讨氮高效大麦干物质生产与氮素积累特性.结果表明：大麦氮素吸收利用效率基因型差异显著.低氮处理下籽粒产量、氮素籽粒生产效率及氮素收获指数的最高值分别是最低值的2.87、2.92、2.47倍；氮高效基因型大麦籽粒产量、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素收获指数均显著大于低效基因型，低氮处理下高效基因型3个参数较低效基因型分别高82.1%、61.5%和50.5%.氮高效基因型大麦各生育期干物质和氮素积累优势明显，干物质积累高峰出现在拔节-抽穗阶段，氮素积累高峰出现在拔节前；低氮处理下高效基因型典型材料DH61、DH121+的干物质量较低效基因型典型材料DH80分别高34.4%、38.3%，氮素积累量较DH80分别高54.8%、58.0%.供试大麦干物质和氮素的阶段性积累量对籽粒产量的影响为拔节前最大，且低氮处理下贡献率最高，分别为47.9%和54.7%；而干物质和氮素的阶段性积累量对氮素籽粒生产效率的影响在抽穗成熟阶段最大，其次是播种-拔节阶段，低氮处理下这两个阶段的贡献率分别为29.5%、48.7%和29.0%、15.8%.氮高效基因型大麦在各生育期的物质生产和氮素积累能力强，低氮处理下优势较为明显，能够提高拔节前干物质生产和氮素积累能力，并协同提高大麦产量和氮素利用效率.

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted under low (125 mg·kg^-1) and normal (250 mg·kg^-1) nitrogen treatments. The nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of 22 barley cultivars were investigated, and the characteristics of dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in barley were analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were different for barley under two nitrogen levels. The maximal values of grain yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency for grain and nitrogen harvest index were 2.87, 2.91 and 2.47 times as those of the lowest under the low nitrogen treatment. Grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency for grain and nitrogen harvest index of barley genotype with high nitrogen utilization efficiency were significantly greater than low nitrogen utilization efficiency, and the parameters of high nitrogen utilization efficiency genotype were 82.1%, 61.5% and 50.5% higher than low nitrogen utilization efficiency genotype under the low nitrogen treatment. Dry matter mass and nitrogen utilization of high nitrogen utilization efficiency was significantly higher than those of low nitrogen utilization efficiency. A peak of dry matter mass of high nitrogen utilization efficiency occurred during jointing to heading stage, while that of nitrogen accumulation appeared before jointing. Under the low nitrogen treatment, dry matter mass of DH61 and DH121+ was 34.4% and 38.3%, and nitrogen accumulation was 54.8% and 58.0% higher than DH80, respectively. Dry matter mass and nitrogen accumulation seriously affected yield before jointing stage, and the contribution rates were 47.9% and 54.7% respectively under the low nitrogen treatment. The effect of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation on nitrogen utilization efficiency for grain was the largest during heading to mature stages, followed by sowing to jointing stages, with the contribution rate being 29.5% and 48.7%, 29.0% and 15.8%, respectively. In conclusion, barley genotype with high nitrogen utilization efficiency had a strong ability of dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation. It could synergistically improve yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency by enhancing the ability of nitrogen uptake and dry matter formation before jointing stage in barley.

黄亿1,李廷轩1**,张锡洲1,戢林2. 氮高效利用基因型大麦的物质生产与氮素积累特性[J]. 应用生态学报.

HUANG Yi1, LI Ting-xuan1, ZHANG Xi-zhou1, JI Lin2. Characteristics of dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in barley genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.