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宁夏引黄灌区猪粪还田对麦田土壤硝态氮淋失的影响

杨世琦1,2,王永生3,谢晓军4,杨正礼1,2**   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业清洁流域团队, 北京 100081; 2农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 北京 100081; 3中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室CERN综合研究中心, 北京 100101; 4西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西杨凌 712100)
  • 出版日期:2014-06-18 发布日期:2014-06-18

Effect of swine manure application on nitrate leaching in winter wheat field in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, China.

YANG Shi-qi1,2, WANG Yong-sheng3, XIE Xiao-jun4, YANG Zheng-li1,2   

  1. (1Agricultural Clear Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2Key Laboratory of AgroEnvironment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; 3Synthesis Research Center of CERN, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 4College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)
  • Online:2014-06-18 Published:2014-06-18

摘要:

以宁夏引黄灌区为例,探索猪粪还田条件下冬小麦田土壤硝态氮淋失规律.试验设置3个处理:常规施化肥225 kg N·hm-2(CK)、常规施肥基础上施用4500 kg·hm-2(T1)和9000 kg·hm-2(T2)猪粪.利用树脂芯法吸附30、60和90 cm土层的硝态氮淋失量.结果表明: 在常规施肥基础上增施猪粪,小麦生育期土壤硝态氮(纯N)淋失量为9.33~14.04 kg·hm-2,占施N量的4.2%~6.2%.与CK相比,30 cm土层T1、T2的硝态氮淋失量增加2.6%和2.1%;60 cm土层增加1.5%和减少1.3%;90 cm土层减少8.7%和增加4.0%.增施猪粪与对照在30、60和90 cm土层处的硝态氮淋失量均无显著差异,而在深层土壤表现出减少趋势.硝态氮淋失主要发生在返青至灌浆期间,日均淋失量高于全生育期平均水平,该阶段的硝态氮淋失量占生育期内总淋失量的58.7%~75.3%.T1、T2春小麦产量比对照分别增加9.3%和12.5%.

 

Abstract: The effect of swine manure application on nitrate nitrogen leaching was investigated in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. The field experiment was conducted with 3 Treatments: Traditional fertilization 225 kg N kg·hm-2 without swine manure (CK), traditional fertilization with swine manure 4500 kg·hm-2(T1) and traditional fertilization with swine manure 9000 kg·hm-2 (T2). Nitrate nitrogen leaching rates were measured for 30, 60, 90 cm depth soil layers with a resin core absorption method. The results indicated that the nitrate leaching losses of T1 and T2 treatments ranged from 9.33 to 14.04 kg·hm-2(pure nitrogen), which accounted for 4.2%-6.2% of applied nitrogen fertilizer. Compared to CK, the nitrate leaching losses of T1 and T2 increased by 2.6% and 2.1% at 30 cm depth, increased by 1.5% and decreased by 1.3% at 60 cm depth, decreased by 8.7% and increased by 4.0% at 90 cm depth, respectively. The difference did not reach statistical significance among CK and T1 and T2 in nitrate leaching loss at 30, 60 and 90 cm depths. However, there was a declining trend of nitrate leaching at deep soil layers of treatments. The key period of nitrate leaching loss was from spring reviving to early filling stage, which had a higher daily leaching loss than the average of the whole growth period, and accounted for 58.7%-75.3% of total leaching loss. Compared with CK, the yields of T1 and T2 increased by 9.3% and 12.5%, respectively.