水分胁迫和氮肥对花生根系形态发育及叶片生理活性的影响

应用生态学报

水分胁迫和氮肥对花生根系形态发育及叶片生理活性的影响

丁红¹,张智猛^1**,戴良香¹,慈敦伟¹,秦斐斐¹,宋文武¹,刘孟娟^1,2,付晓^1,2

（¹山东省花生研究所，山东青岛 266100； ²新疆农业大学农学院，乌鲁木齐 830052）

出版日期:2015-02-18 发布日期:2015-02-18

Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilization on peanut root morphological development and leaf physiological activities.

DING Hong¹, ZHANG Zhi-meng¹, DAI Liang-xiang¹, CI Dun-wei¹, QIN Fei-fei¹, SONG Wen-wu¹, LIU Meng-juan^1,2, FU Xiao^1,2

(¹Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China; ²College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)

Online:2015-02-18 Published:2015-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“花育22号”花生为试验材料，在中度干旱胁迫和充足灌水两个水分条件下，分别设置不施氮肥（N₀）、中氮(N₁，90 kg·hm^-2)、高氮(N₂，180 kg·hm^-2)3个施氮水平，研究不同土壤水分和氮肥条件对花生叶片生理活性及根系形态发育特征的影响.结果表明：与不施氮肥处理相比，两个水分条件下中氮处理均显著增加花生产量，但对收获指数无显著影响.干旱胁迫条件下，中氮处理对总根系生物量和总根长无显著影响，但显著增加花生总根系表面积；中氮和高氮处理均显著增加20～40 cm土层内根长和根系表面积，且高氮处理显著增加40 cm以下土层内根系生物量和根系表面积；施用氮肥显著提高叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性，而丙二醛(MDA)含量随施氮量的增加而降低.正常供水条件下，施用氮肥显著降低了花生根系表面积和40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积，中氮处理可提高叶片保护酶活性.相关性分析表明，20～40 cm土层内根长和叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT、POD活性与产量呈显著相关.

Abstract: Taking ‘Huayu 22’ peanut as test material, effect of soil water content and nitrogen fertilization on the leaf physiological activities and root morphological characteristics of peanut plants were analyzed. Two levels of soil water condition were: (1) wellwatered condition and (2) moderate water stress, and three levels of nitrogen were: (1) none nitrogen (N₀), (2) moderate nitrogen (N₁, 90 kg·hm^-2) and (3) high nitrogen (N₂, 180 kg·hm^-2). The results showed that N₁ significantly increased the peanut yield under two water conditions, but showed no significant effect on harvest index compared with N₀. Under water stress condition, N₁ had no significant effects on total root biomass and total root length, but the total root surface area was remarkably increased. The nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the root length and root surface area in 20-40 cm soil layer, and N₂ significantly increased the root biomass and root surface area in the soil layer below 40 cm. The application of nitrogen remarkably increased CAT and POD activities in leaf, while MDA content was decreased with the increase of nitrogen level. Under wellwatered condition, the root biomass, root length and root surface area in the soil layer below 40 cm and total root surface area were significantly reduced by nitrogen application, however, only N₁ could increase leaf protective enzyme activities. Correlation analysis showed that the root length in 20-40 cm soil layer and SOD, CAT, POD activities in leaf were highly significantly related with peanut yield.

丁红1,张智猛1**,戴良香1,慈敦伟1,秦斐斐1,宋文武1,刘孟娟1,2,付晓1,2. 水分胁迫和氮肥对花生根系形态发育及叶片生理活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

DING Hong1, ZHANG Zhi-meng1, DAI Liang-xiang1, CI Dun-wei1, QIN Fei-fei1, SONG Wen-wu1, LIU Meng-juan1,2, FU Xiao1,2. Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilization on peanut root morphological development and leaf physiological activities.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.