冷浸田水旱轮作对作物生产及土壤特性的影响

应用生态学报

冷浸田水旱轮作对作物生产及土壤特性的影响

王飞^1**,李清华¹,林诚¹,何春梅¹,钟少杰¹,李昱¹,林新坚¹,黄建诚^2

(¹福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所，福州 350013； ²闽侯县土壤肥料技术站，福建闽侯 350100)

出版日期:2015-05-18 发布日期:2015-05-18

Influence of paddy rice-upland crop rotation of cold-waterlogged paddy field on crops production and soil characteristics.

WANG Fei¹, LI Qing-hua¹, LIN Cheng¹, HE Chun-mei¹, ZHONG Shao-jie¹, LI Yu¹, LIN Xin-jian¹, HUANG Jian-cheng²

(¹Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; ^2Minhou Station of Soil and Fertilizer Technology, Minhou 350100, Fujian, China)

Online:2015-05-18 Published:2015-05-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过连续2年4茬的田间试验，研究了冷浸田由单季稻改制为水旱轮作对作物生产及土壤特性的影响.结果表明: 油菜-水稻(R-R)、春玉米-水稻(C-R)、紫云英-水稻(M-R)、蚕豆-水稻(B-R)4种轮作模式两年的水稻平均产量较水稻-冬闲模式(CK)提高5.3%～26.7%，其中C-R和R-R模式与CK差异显著.除M-R模式外，各轮作模式的年均经济效益较CK增加79.0%～392.4%，总产投比增加0.06～0.72个单位，均以C-R模式最高.水旱轮作模式均提高了水稻分蘖盛期叶片的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率.轮作下水稻收获期的土壤锈纹锈斑丰度明显，尤其是R-R、C-R、B-R模式；各轮作模式下的耕层土壤水稳性大团聚体(>2 mm)数量均较CK有不同程度降低, 而中团聚体(0.25～2 mm)数量(除MR模式外)和微团聚体(<0.25 mm)数量则相反；各轮作模式的土壤活性还原性物质含量逐渐下降，而速效养分含量呈上升趋势.与CK相比，C-R和B-R模式的土壤细菌数分别提高285.7%～403.0%，B-R的真菌数提高221.7%，R-R、C-R、B-R的纤维素菌提高64.6%～92.2%，B-R的固氮菌提高162.2%，差异均显著.冷浸田由冬闲-单季稻改制为C-R、R-R、B-R轮作模式，对提高作物总产量和经济效益有较好的效果，土壤理化生化性状得到改善，表现出脱潜特征.

Abstract: Two consecutive years (4-crop) experiments were conducted to study the influence of different paddy rice-upland crop rotation in cold-waterlogged paddy field on the growth of crops and soil characteristics. The result showed that compared with the rice-winter fallow (CK) pattern, the twoyear average yield of paddy rice under four rotation modes, including rape-rice (R-R), spring corn-rice (C-R), Chinese milk vetch-rice (M-R) and bean-rice (B-R), were increased by 5.3%-26.7%, with significant difference observed in C-R and R-R patterns. Except for M-R pattern, the annual average total economic benefits were improved by 79.0%-392.4% in all rotation pattern compared with the CK, and the ration of output/input was enhanced by 0.06-0.72 unit, with the most significant effect found in the C-R pattern. Likewise, compared with the CK, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of rice plant were all increased during the fulltillering stage of rice in all rotation patterns. The rusty lines and rusty spots of soils were more obvious compared with the CK during the rice harvest, particularly in R-R, C-R and B-R patterns. The ratio of waterstable soil macro aggregates of plough layer of soil (>2 mm) decreased at different levels in all rotation patterns while the ratios of middle aggregate (0.25-2 mm, expect for M-R) and micro aggregate of soil (<0.25 mm) were opposite. There was a decreasing trend for soil active reducing agents in all rotation patterns, whereas the available nutrient increased. The amounts of soil bacteria in CR and B-R patterns, fungi in B-R rotation pattern, cellulose bacteria in R-R, C-R and B-R patterns and Nfixing bacteria in B-R pattern were improved by 285.7%-403.0%, 221.7%, 64.6-92.2% and 162.2%, respectively. Moreover, the differences in all microorganisms were significant. Thus, based on the experimental results of coldwaterlogged paddy field, it was concluded that changing from single cropping rice system to C-R, R-R and B-R rotation patterns had good effect in terms of improving total yield and economic benefits, and soil physical and chemical properties were improved.

王飞1**,李清华1,林诚1,何春梅1,钟少杰1,李昱1,林新坚1,黄建诚2. 冷浸田水旱轮作对作物生产及土壤特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

WANG Fei1, LI Qing-hua1, LIN Cheng1, HE Chun-mei1, ZHONG Shao-jie1, LI Yu1, LIN Xin-jian1, HUANG Jian-cheng2. Influence of paddy rice-upland crop rotation of cold-waterlogged paddy field on crops production and soil characteristics.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.