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云南省烤烟需水量及灌溉需求指数的时空特征

郑东方1,许嘉阳1,2,卢秀萍3,许自成1**,李军营3,逄涛3,张雅杰1,王佩雯1   

  1. (1河南农业大学烟草学院, 郑州 450002;  2华中农业大学资源与环境学院,  武汉 430070; 3云南省烟草农业科学研究院, 云南玉溪 653100)
  • 出版日期:2015-07-18 发布日期:2015-07-18

Spatial and temporal characteristics of flue-cured tobacco water requirement and irrigation requirement index in Yunnan Province, China.

(1College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 2College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 3Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China)   

  1. (1College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 2College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 3Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China)
  • Online:2015-07-18 Published:2015-07-18

摘要: 基于云南省124个农业气象站点1977—2010年逐日气象数据,采用FAO推荐的PenmanMonteith公式,计算不同时空条件下云南省烤烟生育期的需水量和灌溉需求指数,分析云南省烤烟需水量和灌溉需求指数的时空特征和变化规律.结果表明: 研究期间,云南省烤烟伸根期、旺长期、成熟期和大田生育期需水量分别为76.73~174.73、247.50~386.64、180.28~258.14和528.18~764.08 mm,以旺长期需水量最高;平均灌溉需求指数分别为-0.02、0.38、0.17和0.26,伸根期有效降雨量可以满足烤烟需求.云南省烤烟需水量呈逐年减少趋势,各生育期需水量气候变化趋势分别为-12.42、-21.46、-7.17和-47.15 mm·(10 a)-1.各生育期及大田生育期灌溉需求指数最小的地区为德宏,最大的为迪庆;大田生育期灌溉需求指数是负值的3个地区为德宏、西双版纳和普洱.参考作物蒸散量、需水量和有效降水量随纬度的升高而减少,而灌溉需水量和灌溉需求指数却随纬度的升高而加强;有效降水量随海拔的升高而减少,灌溉需水量和灌溉需求指数随海拔的升高而增加.

Abstract:

Based on the daily meteorological data of 124 agricultural meteorological sites during 1977-2010 in Yunnan Province, using recommended PenmanMonteith formula by FAO, water requirement and irrigation requirement index in the growth period of fluecured tobacco were calculated to analyze their spatial and temporal characteristics and change patterns. The results showed that water requirements of fluecured tobacco in root extending, vigorous, mature periods and field growth period during 1977-2010 were 76.73-174.73, 247.50-386.64, 180.28-258.14 and 528.18-764.08 mm, respectively, and the water requirement of vigorous period was the highest. The average irrigation demand index of each period was -0.02, 0.38, 0.17 and 0.26, respectively. Effective precipitation could meet the demand of fluecured tobacco in root extending period. Water requirement of fluecured tobacco in Yunnan Province decreased annually, and the rates of water requirement under the climate change trend in the four periods abovementioned were -12.42, -21.46, -7.17 and -47.15 mm·(10 a)-1, respectively. The smallest irrigation demand index was observed in Dehong, and the largest in Diqing. The irrigation demand indexes of Dehong, Xishuangbanna and Puer regions were negative in fluecured tobacco field growth period. The reference crop evapotranspiration, water requirement and effective precipitation decreased, but the irrigation requirement and irrigation requirement index increased with the increase of latitude. The effective precipitation decreased, but the irrigation requirement and irrigation requirement index increased with the increase of altitude.