Abstract: A field experiment applying six rates of P fertilizer (P₂O₅ 0, 150, 225, 300, 375 and 450 kg·hm^-2, respectively) was conducted to investigate the effects of P fertilization on dry matter accumulation (DMA)〖KG-*4〗, P uptake and accumulation (PUA) and P use efficiency (PUE) of trelliscultivated melon. Results showed that, P application increased DMA and PUA,  for 150 and 225 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 treatments, being 19.9% and 26.3%, 23.0% and 26.3% higher than that in no P fertilizer treatment at fruiting stage. With plant growth, DMA and PUA of different organs and the whole plant gradually increased. DMA and PUA were mainly distributed in the leaves during the early stage of the growth and in the fruit during the latter stage. P application decreased the recovery efficiency of applied P (RE_P), agronomic efficiency of applied P (AE_P) and partial factor productivity of applied P (PF_P). At 150 kg·hm^-2 P application rate, the maximum RE_P, AE_P and PF_P were 11.1%, 152.9 kg·kg^-1 and 476.3 kg·kg^-1, respectively. Compared with no P fertilizer treatment, melon yields of 150 and 225 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 treatments increased by 47.3% and 39.7%, respectively. In summary, the vining stage and fruit expanding stage were the key periods for P application in trelliscultivated melon system. Based on synthesized economic yield and P fertilizer efficiency, the recommendation of P fertilizer for trelliscultivated melon is 150-225 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2under the climatic condition of the experimental area.