不同降水年型下长期施肥旱地小麦产量效应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201701.016

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 135-141.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201701.016

不同降水年型下长期施肥旱地小麦产量效应

胡雨彤^1,2, 郝明德^1,3*, 王哲¹, 付威⁴

¹中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
⁴西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2016-06-03 修回日期:2016-10-24 发布日期:2017-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail:mdhao@ms.iswc.ac.cn
作者简介:胡雨彤,女,1989年生,博士研究生.主要从事黄土旱塬粮食增产效应研究.E-mail:shihezidetian@126.com
基金资助:
本文由国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B01)、宁夏农业综合开发科技推广项目(NTKJ-2013-03-1)和西北农林科技大学科技成果推广项目(TGZX2015-24)资助

Effect of long-term fertilization on winter wheat yield from the dry land under different precipitation patterns

HU Yu-tong^1,2, HAO Ming-de^1,3*, WANG Zhe¹, FU Wei⁴

¹Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
⁴College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2016-06-03 Revised:2016-10-24 Published:2017-01-18
Contact: *E-mail:mdhao@ms.iswc.ac.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Science & Technology Support Plan (2015BAD22B01), Science and Technology Promotion Projects of Ningxia Agricultural Comprehensive Development (NTKJ-2013-03-1), and Scientific Achievements Promotion Project of Northwest A&F University (TGZX2015-24)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以黄土高原30年长期肥料定位试验为基础,依据降水将生育年划分为干旱年、平水年和丰水年,研究不同施肥方式对黄土高原冬小麦产量、肥料贡献率和降水利用率的影响.结果表明: 小麦连续种植30年中,氮磷配施和氮磷钾配施下小麦产量、肥料贡献率和降水利用率显著高于不施肥和单施肥处理,氮磷钾配施下小麦产量、肥料贡献率和降水利用率分别达到3480 kg·hm^-2、61.45 kg·kg^-1、6.13 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2;不同降水年型下,丰水年小麦产量、肥料贡献率和降水利用率相对较高;使用逐步回归分析可知,不同降水年型下小麦产量主要受氮磷肥施用量、休闲期降水和越冬期降水影响.黄土旱塬可以通过提高氮磷用量同时适当施用钾肥,以及在休闲期做好蓄水保墒工作来提高小麦产量.

Abstract: Based on 30 years long-term fertilization experiment on the semiarid Loess Plateau in China, we studied the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the winter wheat yield, fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) in different precipitation years (drought, normal and wet years). The result showed that the wheat yield, FCR and PUE were significantly higher in nitrogen + phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen + phosphorus +potassium (NPK) treatments than in control (CK) and phosphorus (P) treatments when winter wheat was planted for 30 consecutive years. The wheat yield, FCR and PUE in NPK treatment were highest, with values of 3480 kg·hm^-2, 61.45 kg·kg^-1 and 6.13 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2, respectively, and those in the wet years were higher than in drought and normal years. The stepwise regression analysis showed that wheat yield was mainly influenced by the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus input and precipitation during fallow period and wintering period. Accordingly, increasing nitrogen and phosphorus input accompanying with potassium and water conservation practices during the fallow period could improve the wheat yield on the semiarid Loess Plateau in China.

胡雨彤, 郝明德, 王哲, 付威. 不同降水年型下长期施肥旱地小麦产量效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(1): 135-141.

HU Yu-tong, HAO Ming-de, WANG Zhe, FU Wei. Effect of long-term fertilization on winter wheat yield from the dry land under different precipitation patterns[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(1): 135-141.

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不同降水年型下长期施肥旱地小麦产量效应

Effect of long-term fertilization on winter wheat yield from the dry land under different precipitation patterns

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