关键词: 城镇化, 水资源开发利用, 综合发展指数, 洞庭湖区

Abstract: To reveal the characteristics of the dynamic changes of soil microbial populations and enzyme activities in superhigh yielding (>15 000 kg·hm^-2) summer maize farmland soil, a comparative study was conducted in the experimental fields in National Maize Engineering Research Center (Shandong). On the fields with an annual yield of >15 000 kg·hm^-2 in continuous three years, a plot with the yield of 20 322 kg·hm^-2 (HF) was chosen to make comparison with the conventional farmland (CF) whose maize yield was 8920.1 kg·hm^-2. The numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes as well as the activities of urease and invertase in 0-20 cm soil layer were determined. The results showed that in the growth period of maize, the numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the two farmland soils increased first and declined then. At the later growth stages of maize, the numbers of soil microbes, especially those of bacteria and actinomycetes, were lower in HF than those in CF. At harvest stage, the ratio of the number of soil bacteria to fungi (B/F) in HF was 2.03 times higher than that at sowing stage, and 3.02 times higher than that in CF. The B/F in CF had less difference at harvest and sowing stages. The soil urease activity in HF was significantly lower than that in CF at jointing stage, and the invertase activity in HF decreased rapidly after blooming stage, being significantly lower than that in CF.

Key words: urbanization, development and utilization of water resources, comprehensive development index, Dongting Lake District.