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应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (6): 853-857.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

物种多样性与人工生态系统稳定性探讨

冯耀宗   

  1. 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 昆明 650223
  • 收稿日期:2002-03-18 修回日期:2002-07-18 出版日期:2003-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 冯耀宗,男,1932年出生,研究员,长期从事热带人工生态系统的实验生态学研究,发表论文41篇,出版专著4部.Tel:0871-5160916.
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目

Species diversity and managed ecosystem stability

FENG Yaozong   

  1. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
  • Received:2002-03-18 Revised:2002-07-18 Online:2003-06-15

摘要: 通过40余年对人工群落的长期研究,探讨了一层一种的传统橡胶及茶树种植园,两层两种的橡胶茶叶、橡胶咖啡人工群落,三层三种的橡胶萝芙木千年健人工群落以及多层多种(5个层次100余种经济植物)的人工雨林的不同结构.从生物量、生产力及经济生产力,对群落环境(小气候、土壤等)的保护及改善能力和对自然灾害(如寒害、风害等)的抵抗力3个方面,比较了单一结构与复合结构在3个系统功能上的差异.结果表明,随着种类增加,层次复杂加大,系统在生物量及生产力上均有明显增加;小气候中随着结构的复杂化加大,相对湿度也随着增加,最高温度降低,最低温度升高,风速减少,土壤流失明显减少,对低温风害的抵抗力加强,表明人工生态系统结构明显影响了系统稳定性.

Abstract: Based on partial experimental data of the studies on managed communities over 40 years, various managed communities in terms of ecological structures,e.g., rubber or tea plantation in one species with one community layer, rubber tea and rubber coffee of two species with two community layers, rubber luofumu qiannianjian of three species with three community layers,and artificial rain forest with multiple species and layers (hundred species with five layers) were discussed. The differences in systematic functions among three structures of the community were discussed,mainly from the followint spects:Biomass, productivity, and economical productivity;capability of protection and improvement of community environment (microclimate, soil etc.);capability of resistant to natural disaster (chilling and storm). The biomass and productivity in the system were significantly increased,as there were more species and vertical layers in the community. As the community structure became complicatied, the microclimatic factors inside the system were marked changed: relative humidity was higher,maximum temperature was lower, minimum temperature was higher, wind slowdown velocity was slowed down,soil erosion reduced, and the resistance to chilling and storm become stronger. It is concluded that the stability of the system could be greatly affected by an artificial ecosystem.

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