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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1541-1546.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202306.027

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Characteristics and risk assessment of chilling injury on Morchella esculenta in Western Sichuan Plateau, China

WANG Qingli1, ZHANG Liping2, HAN Lu3, WANG Mingtian4,5*, TANG Mingxian6, CHEN Hui7, RAN Wangqun8, LI Zhengrong1   

  1. 1Ganzi Meteorological Bureau, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China;
    2Dazhou Meteorological Bureau, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, China;
    3Sichuan Ganzi Prefecture Big Data Center, Kangding 626000 Sichuan, China;
    4Sichuan Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu 610072, China;
    5Sichuan Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture Research in Southern Hilly Areas, Chengdu 610066, China;
    6Ganzi Agricultural Science Institute, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China;
    7Maerkang Meteorological Bureau, Maerkang 624000, Sichuan, China;
    8Kangding Meteorological Station, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-10-27 Accepted:2023-04-13 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-12-15

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Abstract: The development of precise climate risk zoning for chilling injury of Morchella esculenta can provide scientific basis for agricultural cultivation planning, dynamic assessment of chilling injury, and disaster prevention strategies. Based on meteorological data from 17 counties (cities) that located below the altitude of 3000 m in the Western Sichuan Plateau from 2011 to 2020, we analyzed the critical meteorological conditions for M. esculenta disasters in typical years. With the average yearly cold accumulation and cold injury frequency during the first day when the temperature remained stable between 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ during mushroom emergence as zoning indicators, we established a geographical spatial distribution model of the cold injury index, and then divided the risk level of M. esculenta cold injury in the Western Sichuan Plateau, evaluated the risk of cold injury. The results showed that the temperature index for chilling injury risk of M. esculenta in the study area was the daily minimum temperature ≤2.0 ℃. The daily average temperature <6.0 ℃ would cause slow growth or the cessation of growth, which was set as a warning indicator for chilling injury risk. Along the Dadu River and Minjiang River basins, the frequency of chilling injury on M. esculenta increased from south to north. Wenchuan, Maoxian, and Lixian had the fewest overall chilling injuries during the study period, whereas Jiulong, Yajiang, and Batang had the most. The duration for cold injury was mainly 1-3 d, followed by 4-5 d, and rarely for >5 d. The frequency of chilling injury lasting for more than 5 d in Xiangcheng, Batang, Jiulong, Yajiang, and Xiaojin was more than that lasting for 4-5 d. The annual average days of chilling injury of was 3.0-27.4 d, the daily average minimum temperature was -0.84-1.36 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature was -5.8-0.1 ℃, and the average accumulated cold was 0.16-9.64 ℃·d during the period of chilling injury. With the increases of elevation and latitude, the average days of chilling injury and the average accumulated cold increased. The largest duration of chilling injury was 3-20 d, the maximum accumulated cold was 0.44-13.34 ℃·d. The risk of chilling injury to M. esculenta increased from south to north and from low elevation to high elevation. The suitable planting areas were distributed in strips and branches along the direction of mountains and rivers, mainly in the flat areas of low mountains and valleys below the altitude of 2200 m, including Kangding, Luding, Danba, Wenchuan, Lixian, Maoxian, Jiuzhaigou, and Songpan.

Key words: Morchella esculenta, chilling injury, climate risk, Western Sichuan Plateau