Abstract: The study slowed that in a rice-fish-duck. co-growth ecosystem，the rice production was increased by above 10%, with an additional increase of 1036. 5 kg·hm^-2 fish and 238.9～489.3 kg·hm^-2 adult duck. The total N, P, K and Organic matter contents of paddy soil were increased by 27.9, 44.3, 6.5 and 28.2%, respectively, and the insect pest of rice was also decreased. This ecosystem largely increased the output and economic benefit, being a well recycled and highly effective agro-ecosystem.

Key words: Rice, Fish, Duck, Co-growth, Economic benefit, modification, DNDC, agriculture, China, application