Effect of transgenic Bt rice planting on soil enzyme activities

Abstract

Abstract: Apot experiment was conducted with silty loam Agrodolf as test soil and with transgenic Bt rice and non Bt rice as test crops to study the effect of transgenic Bt rice planting on soil urease,phophatase,arylsulfatase,invertase,and dehydrogenase activities. The results showed that Bt toxin could be introduced into soil through root exudates of transgenic Bt rice,and its survival amount in soil varied with time. Compared with non Bt rice treatment,transgenic Bt rice treatment had a significant decrease (2.47%) of soil urease activity and a significant increase (8.91%) of soil acid phosphatase activity,but no significant change in soil arylsulfatase,invertase,and dehydrogenase activities at the 15th day of emergence. At the 30th day of emergence,the transgenic Bt rice treatment still had a significant decrease of soil urease activity (16.36%) and a significant increase of acid phosphatase activity (35.69%),and no change in invertase activity. It also had significant increases in soil arylsulfatase (19.70%) and dehydrogenase activities (16.83%).

Key words: Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)gene, Rice, Soil enzymes

CLC Number:

S154.2

SUN Caixia, CHEN Lijun, WU Zhijie, ZHANG Yulan, ZHANG Lili. Effect of transgenic Bt rice planting on soil enzyme activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (12): 2261-2264.

References

[1] Benitez E, Melgar R, Melgar H, et al. 2000. Enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown with olive cake mulches. Soil Biol Biochem, 32: 1829～1835
[2] Bruns HA, Abel CA. 2003. Nitrogen fertility effects on Bt -endotoxin and nitrogen concentrations of maize during early growth. Agron J,95:207～211
[3] Busto MD, Perez-Mateos M. 1995. Extraction of humic-β-glucosidase fractions from soil. Biol Fertil Soils, 20: 77～82
[4] Chen S(陈松),WuJ-Y(吴敬音),Zhou B-L(周宝良),et al.On thetemporal and spatial expression of Bttoxin protein in Bt transgenic cotton.ActaGossypii Sin(棉花学报),12(4):189～193(in Chinese)
[5] Crecchio C, Stotzky G. 1998. Insecticidal activity and biodegradation of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki bound to humic acids from soil. Soil Biol Biochem, 30 : 463～470
[6] Crecchio C, Stotzky G. 2001. Biodeg1radation and insecticidal activity of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki bound to complexes of montmorillonite-humic acids-A1 hydroxypolymers.Soil Biol Biochem, 33: 573～581
[7] Deng SP, Tabatabai MA. 1997. Effect of tillage and residue management on enzyme activities in soils Ⅲ. Phosphatases and arysulphatases. Biol Fertil Soils, 24:141～146
[8] Donegan KK, Seidler RJ, Doyle JD, et al. 1999. A field study with genetically engineered alfalfa inoculated with recombinant Sinorhizobium meliloti : Effects on the soil ecosystem. J Appl Ecol, 36:920～936
[9] Griffiths BS, Geoghegan IE, Robertson WM. 2000. Testing genetically engineered potato, producing the lections GNA and Con A on non- target soil organisms and processes. J Appl Ecol, 37:159～170
[10] Heckel DG. 1994. The complex genetic basis of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin in insects. Biocontrol Sci Technol , 4:405～417
[11] Jepson PC, Croft BA, Pratt GE. 1994. Test systems to determine the ecological risks posed by toxin release for Bacillus thuringiensis genes in crop plants. Mol Ecol, 3: 81～89
[12] Koskella J, Stotzky G. 1997. Microbial utilization of free and claybound insecticidal toxins from and their retention of insecticidal activity after incubation with microbes. Appl Environ Microbial, 63:3561～3568
[13] Losey GE, Raynor LS, Cater ME. 1999. Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae. Nature, 399:214
[14] McGaughey WH, Whalon ME. 1992. Managing insect resistance to Bacillus th uringiensis toxin. Science, 258:1451～1455
[15] Palm CJ, Schaller DL, Donegan KK, et al. 1996. Persistence in soil of transgenic plant produced Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki δ-endotoxin. Can J Microbiol, 42:1258～1262
[16] Pusztal MP, Fast P, Gringorten L, et al. 1991. The mechanism of sunlight-mediated inactivation of Bacillus thuringiensis crystals.Biochem, 1273: 43～47
[17] Rao MA, Violante A, Gianfreda L. 2000. Interaction of acid phospbatase with clays, organic molecules and organo-mineral complexes: kinetics and stability. Soil Biol Biochem, 32:1007～1014
[18] Reid ID. 1995. Biodegradation of lignin. Can J Bot, 73:1011～1018
[19] Sachs ES, Benedict JH, Stelly DM. 1998. Expression and segregation of genes encoding cry IA insecticidal proteins in cotton. Crop Sci,38:1～11
[20] Saxena D, Flores S, Stotzky G. 1999. Insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn. Nature, 402:480
[21] Saxena D, Stotzky G. 2000a. Insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is released from roots of transgenic Bt corn in vitro and in situ. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 33: 35～39
[22] Saxena D, Stotzky G. 2000b. Bacillus thuringiensis toxin released from root exudates and biomass of Bt corn has no apparent effect on earthworms, nematodes, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi in soil. Soil Biol Biochem, 33:1225～1230
[23] Schinner F, Ohlinger R, Kandeler E, eds. 1996. Methods in Soil Biology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
[24] Sims SR, Holden LR. 1996. Insect bioassay for determining soil degradation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki CryIA (b)protein in corn tissues. Environ Entomol, 25:659～664
[25] Sims SR, Ream JE. 1997. Soil inactivation of the insecticidal protein within transgenic cotton tissue: Laboratory microcosms and field studies. J Agron Food Chem , 45:1502～1505
[26] Tabatabai MA, Fu M. 1992. Extraction of enzymes from soils. In:Stotzky G, Bollag JM, eds. Soil Biochemistry. Vol 7. New York:Marcel Dekker. 197～227
[27] Tabatabai MA. 1994. Soil enzymes. In: Weaver RW, Angle JR,Bottomley PS, eds. Methods of Soil Analysis: Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. Part 2. SSSA Book Ser. 5 Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. 775～833
[28] Tabatabai MA, Garcia-Manzanedo AM, Acosta-Martinez V. 2002.Substrate specificity of arylamidase in soils. Soil Biol Biochem, 34:103～110
[29] Tapp H, Calamail, Stotzky G. 1994. Adsorption and binding of the insecticidal proteins form Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and subsp. tenebrionis on clay. Soil Biol Biochem, 26: 663～679
[30] Tapp H, Stotzky G. 1995. Insecticidal activity of the toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki and tenebrionis adsorbed and bound on pure and soil clays. Appl Environ Microbiol,61:1786～1790
[31] Traore SB, Carlson RE, Pilcher CD, et al. 2000. Bt and non-Bt maize growth and development as affected by temperature and drought stress. Agron J, 92:1027～1035
[32] Venkateswerlu G, Stotzky G. 1992. Banding of the protoxin and toxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki on clay minerals. Current Microbiol , 25 :1～9
[33] West AW, Burges HD, Dixon TJ, et al. 1985. Survival of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus spore inocula in soil: Effect of pH, moisture, nutrient availability and indigenous microorganisms.Soil Biol Biochem, 17:657～666
[34] Zhang Y-J(张永军),Wu K-M(吴孔明),Gou Y-Y(郭予元).2001. On the spatial-temporal expression of the contents of Bt insecticidal protein and the resistance of Bt transgenic cotton to cotton bollworm.Acta Phytoph Sin(植物保护学报),28(1):1～6(in Chinese)