Sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris to metribuzin,puma and alachlor

Abstract

Abstract: The relative sensitivities of Chlorella vulgaris to three commonly used herbicides metribuzin,puma and alachlor were determined by toxicity tests of 96-h static exposures.The results showed that the toxicities of metribuzin and alachlor to C.vulgaris increased with exposure time,and the density of C.vulgaris decreased with increasing concentrations of these two herbicides in the test media.The maximum specific growth rate of C.vulgaris exposed to metribuzin (0.24 mg稬^-1) and alachlor (12.8 mg稬^-1) was 12.38% and 31.58% of the control,respectively.At low concentration,puma stimulated C.vulgaris growth,but at high concentration,it inhibited the growth significantly.The maximum specific growth rate of C.vulgaris under 0.08 mg稬^-1 puma was 111.44% of the control,and the toxicity of puma declined with increasing exposure duration.The EC₅₀ value of metribuzin,puma and alachlor was 0.021,0.937,and 5.54 mg稬^-1,respectively.The relative sensitivities of C.vulgaris to the three herbicides decreased in the order of metribuzin,puma and alachlor.The chlorophyll a content of C.vulgaris decreased with the increasing concentrations of metribuzin,puma and alachlor.

Key words: Metribuzin, Puma, Alachlor, Chlorella vulgaris, Toxicity, Chlorophyll

CLC Number:

Q948.8

YANG Zhiqiang, DONG Bo, WU Jincai. Sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris to metribuzin,puma and alachlor[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (9): 1621-1625.

References

[1] Abou-Wally H, Abou-Setta MM, Nigg HN, et al. 1991. Growth response of fresh water algae, Anabaena flosaquae and Selenastrum capicornatum to atrazine and hexazinone herbicides. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 46: 223～ 229
[2] Abou-Wally H, Abou-Setta MM, Nigg HN, et al. 1991a. Dose-response relationship of Anabaena flosaquae and Selenastrum capricornutum to atrazine and hexazinone using chlorophyll(a) content and 14C-uptake. Aquat Toxicol, 20:195～204
[3] Cheng S-P(程树培).1995.Algal growth potential assayin aquatic ecosystem. A Laboratory Manual of Environmental Biotechnology.Nanjing: Nangjing University Press. (in Chinese)
[4] Couture P, Visser SA, Van Coillie R, et al. 1985. Algal bioassays:Their significance in monitoring water quality with respect to nutrients and toxicants. Schweiz Z Hydrol, 47:127～ 158
[5] Cuppen JGM, van der Brink PJ, van der Woude H, et al. 1997.Sensitivity of macrophyte-Dominated freshwater microcosms to chronic levels of the herbicide linuron. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety,38:25～ 35
[6] EL-Sheekh MM, Kotkat HM, Hammouda OHE. 1994. Effect of atrazine herbicide on growth, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and fatty acid composition in the unicellular green alga Chlorella kessleri. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety, 29:349～ 358
[7] Fairchild JF, Ruessler DS, Carlson AR. 1998. Comparative sensitivity of five species of macrophytes and six species of algae to atrazine,metribuzin, alachlor, and metolachlor. Environ Toxicol Chem, 17(9): 1830 ～ 1834
[8] Fairchild JF, Ruessler DS, Haverland PS, et al. 1997. Comparative sensitivity of selenastrum capricomutum and lemna minor to sixteen herbicides. Archiv Environ Contam Toxicol, 32(4) :353～357
[9] Faust M, Altenburger R, Boedeker W, et al. 1994. Algal toxicity of binary combinations of pesticides. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,53 : 134 ～ 141
[10] Fahl GM, Kreft L, Altenburger R, et al. 1995. pH-dependent sorption, bioconcentration and algal toxicity of sulfonylurea herbicides.Aquat Toxicol, 31 (2): 175 ～ 187
[11] Kasai F, Hatakeyama S. 1993. Herbicide susceptibility in two green algae, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum.Chemosphere, 27 (5): 899 ～ 904
[12] Kirby MF, Sheahan DA. 1994. Effects of atrazine isoproturon, and mecoprop on the macrophyte Lemna minor and the alga Scenedesmus subspicatus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 53 ( 1):120 ～ 126
[13] Khan SH, Saifullah SM. 1986. Bioassays studies of phytoplankton of coastal waters of Karachi Pakistan in relation to heavy metals pollution Ⅰ. Effect of copper and lead on Skeletoneama costanum. Pak J Bot, 18:137～146
[14] Ma J-Y(马建义),Chen J(陈杰).2000.The effects of 24 herbicides on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick. Environ Chem(环境化学),19(6):518～521(in Chinese)
[15] Mostafa M. 1994. Effect of atrazine herbicide on growth photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and fatty acid composition in the unicellular green alga Chlorella kessleri. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety, 29(3) :349～358
[16] Mohapatra PK, Mohanty RC, et al. 1992. Growth pattern changes of Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena doliolum due to toxicity of dimethoate and endosulfan. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 49: 576～581
[17] Mayasich JM, Karlander EP, Terlizzi DE. 1986. Growth responses of Nannochloris oculata Droop and Phaeodalyclum triconutum Bohlin to the herbicide atrazine as influenced by light intensity and temperature. Aquat Toxicol, 8:175～ 184
[18] Ren J-L(任景玲),Liu S-M(刘素美),Zhang J(张经),et al.2003. Effects of terrestrial input on the harmful algal bloom areaWith aluminum as an example..Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(7):1117～1121(in Chinese)
[19] Richards RP, Baker DB.1993. Pesticide concentration patterns in agricultural drainage networks in the Lake Erie basin. Environ Toxicol Chem, 12:13～26
[20] Spawn RL, Hoagland KD, Siegfried BD. 1997. Effects of alachlor on an algal community from a Midwestern agriculture stream. Environ Toxicol Chem, 16(4) :785 ～793
[21] Shen G-X(沈国兴),Yan G-A(严国安),Peng J-L(彭金良),et al. 1999. Study on ecotoxicology for pesticides to algae Ⅱ. Toxic mechanism and accumulation,degradation.Adv Environ Sci(环境科学进展),7(6):131～137(in Chinese)
[22] Shen G-X(沈国兴),Yan G-A(严国安),Yu X(余新),et al.1999. The toxic effects of Naphthalene and its derivants on Chlorella vulgaris.Acta Hydrobiol Sin(水生生物学报),23(5):460 ～ 468(in Chinese)
[23] Shi X-Y(石晓勇),Wang X-L(王修林),Han X-Y(韩秀荣),et al. 2003. Nutrient distribution and its controlling mechanism in the adjacent area of Changjiang River esturary.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(7):1086～1092(in Chinese)
[24] Stratton GW. 1987. The effects of pesticides and heavy metals towards phototrophic organisms. Rev Environ Toxicol, 3: 71 ～ 147
[25] Samson G, Popovic R. 1988. Use of algal fluorescence for determination of phytotoxicity of heavy metals and pesticides as environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety, 16: 272～ 278
[26] Stratton GW. 1984. Effects of herbicides atrazine and its degradation products, alone and combination, on phototrophic microorganisms. Areh Environ Contam Toxicol, 13:35～ 42
[27] Squillace PJ, Thurman EM. 1992. Herbicides transport in river: Importance of hydrology and geochemistry in nonpoint source contamination. Environ Sci Technol, 26 : 538～ 545
[28] Teisseire H, Couderchet M, Vernet G. 1999. Phytotoxicity of diuron alone and in combination with copper or folpet on duckweed ( Lemna minor). Environ Poll, 106:39～45
[29] Thurman EM, Goolsby DA, Meyer MT, et al. 1991. Herbicides in surface waters in the Midwestem United States: The effect of spring flush. Environ Sci Technol, 25:1794～ 1796
[30] Wang J-H(王金辉),Huang X-Q(黄秀清).2003.Ecological char acteristics of Prorocentrum dentatum and the cause of harmful algal bloom formation in China Sea.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(7):1065～1069(in Chinese)
[31] Wei L-P(韦丽萍),Sun Y(孙越),Yu H-X(于红霞),et al.1998. The effects metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, bensulfuron and their degradation products on the green Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick.Environ Chem(环境化学),17(3):260～263(in Chinese)
[32] Wrong SL, Beaver JL. 1980. Algal bioassays to determine toxicity of heavy metals mixtures. Hydrobiologia, 74:199～ 208
[33] Zagorc KJ, Nyholm N, Jacobsen BN, et al. 1996. Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams. Wato Sci Technol, 33(6): 181 ～ 187