西北半干旱区深旋松耕作对马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201810.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 3293-3301.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201810.023

西北半干旱区深旋松耕作对马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响

张绪成^1,2*, 马一凡^1,2, 于显枫^1,2, 侯慧芝^1,2, 王红丽^1,2, 方彦杰^1,2

¹甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州 730070;
²甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2018-02-05 出版日期:2018-10-20 发布日期:2018-10-20
通讯作者: E-mail: gazhangxuch@163.com
作者简介:张绪成,男,1973年生,博士,研究员.主要从事旱地作物耕作栽培和农业生态方面的研究.E-mail: gszhang-xuch@163.com
基金资助:
本文由国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B04)、甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2017GAAS27)资助

Effects of vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage on water utilization and yield of potato in semi-arid area of northwest China

ZHANG Xu-cheng^1,2*, MA Yi-fan^1,2, YU Xian-feng^1,2, HOU Hui-zhi^1,2, WANG Hong-li^1,2, FANG Yan-jie^1,2

¹Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
²Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2018-02-05 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2018-10-20
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2015BAD22B04), and the Agricultural Innovative Special Plan of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2017GAAS27)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探明深旋松耕作技术(VRT)对西北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯阶段性耗水、个体和群体生长状况、产量、水分利用效率和经济收益的影响,可为寻求抗旱增产、资源高效利用的耕作方法提供依据.本研究采用随机区组设计,于2016和2017年设置旋耕15 cm (TT)、深松40 cm (DLT)、深旋松耕40 cm (VRT) 3种耕作方式,测定马铃薯不同生育时期0～200 cm土层土壤贮水量、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、植株干物质量和产量等指标,计算阶段耗水量、水分利用效率(WUE)、商品率、商品产量、纯收益和新增收益等指标,探究深旋松耕作对马铃薯生产效率和经济效益的影响.结果表明: 与TT和DLT相比,VRT能显著促进马铃薯在盛花期和块茎膨大期的耗水,2016和2017年分别较DLT、TT增加了46.7、35.7和27.2、47.3 mm.由于VRT促进马铃薯耗水,叶片SPAD值、干物质量和叶面积指数均显著提高,证明它能促进马铃薯个体和群体发育.基于较高的个体和群体生长量,VRT的马铃薯块茎产量显著提高,分别在2016和2017年较DLT和TT增加了156.8%、47.8%和24.8%、41.0%,WUE相应地提高了92.3%、19.2%和18.9%、26.6%.深旋松耕作使马铃薯商品薯产量显著增加,纯收益和新增纯收益显著提高,在2016和2017年分别达到 12631.9、11019.1和29498.3、18245.5元·hm^-2.深旋松耕作促进马铃薯花期和块茎膨大期耗水,使马铃薯叶片SPAD值、干物质量和叶面积指数显著提高,导致块茎产量和水分利用效率明显升高,并提高了商品薯产量和纯收益,是适宜于西北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯种植的耕作技术.

Abstract: To examine the effects of vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage (VRT) on stage water consumption, individual and population development, yield, water use efficiency, and economic profit of potato is helpful to find the optimized tillage method which could increase crop drought-resistant, yield, and resource use efficiency. With randomized block design, the field experiment involved in three treatments, 1) vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage for 40 cm depth (VRT), 2) deep loosing tillage for 40 cm (DLT), and 3) rotary tillage for 15 cm (TT). The soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil profile in different growth stages of potato, foliar SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), plant dry matter content, tuber yield were recorded, and stage water consumption, water use efficiency (WUE), tuber commodity rate, tuber commodity yield, and profit were calculated, to investigate the effects of VRT on production efficiency and economic profit. The results showed that VRT increased water consumption in flowering and tuber expanding stage by 46.7, 35.7 mm in 2016 and 27.2, 47.3 mm in 2017, as compared with DLT and TT. Based on the increased stage water consumption, foliar SPAD value, dry matter content, and LAI increased significantly, suggesting the VRT promoted individual and population development. The higher individual and population biomass resulted in significant increase in tuber yield which increased by 156.8%, 47.8% in 2016 and 24.8%, 41.0% in 2017 respectively, as compared with DLT and TT. Accordingly, WUE increased by 92.3%, 19.2% and 18.9%, 26.6%. The tuber commodity yield and profit significantly increased in VRT treatment, as well as the profit which reached to 12631.9, 11019.1 yuan·hm^-2 in 2016 and 29498.3, 18245.5 yuan·hm^-2 in 2017, respectively. VRT promoted potato water consumption in flowering and tuber expanding stages, resulted in significant increases of foliar SPAD value, plant dry matter, and LAI, with positive consequences on the tuber yield, WUE, as well as the tuber commodity yield and economic profit. These indicated that the VRT was helpful to increase potato drought resistance, yield and profit, and thus would be the appropriate tillage method on semi-arid northwest Loess Plateau.

张绪成, 马一凡, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 方彦杰. 西北半干旱区深旋松耕作对马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(10): 3293-3301.

ZHANG Xu-cheng, MA Yi-fan, YU Xian-feng, HOU Hui-zhi, WANG Hong-li, FANG Yan-jie. Effects of vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage on water utilization and yield of potato in semi-arid area of northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(10): 3293-3301.

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西北半干旱区深旋松耕作对马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响

Effects of vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage on water utilization and yield of potato in semi-arid area of northwest China

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