玉米和花生同垄间作对作物光合特性和间作优势的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.010

应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 2672-2682.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.010

玉米和花生同垄间作对作物光合特性和间作优势的影响

陈俊南¹, 姜文洋¹, 昝志曼¹, 汪江涛¹, 郑宾¹, 刘领¹, 刘娟², 焦念元^1*

¹河南科技大学农学院/河南省旱地农业工程技术研究中心, 河南洛阳 471023;
²河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 郑州 450002

收稿日期:2023-03-29 接受日期:2023-08-01 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2024-04-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: jiaony1@163.com
作者简介:陈俊南, 男, 1997年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事耕作制度与生态农业研究。E-mail: 112286676@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32272231,32201922)、国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-13)和河南省科技攻关项目(222103810056,212102110282)

Effects of maize and peanut co-ridge intercropping on crop photosynthetic characteristics and intercropping advantages

CHEN Junnan¹, JIANG Wenyang¹, ZAN Zhiman¹, WANG Jiangtao¹, ZHENG Bin¹, LIU Ling¹, LIU Juan², JIAO Nianyuan^1*

¹College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology/Henan Dryland Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China;
²Institute of Economic Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received:2023-03-29 Accepted:2023-08-01 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2024-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确玉米和花生同垄间作提高间作优势的光合机理,采用大田随机区组试验,以玉米和花生平作间作(FIC)为对照,分别在0(P₀)和180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2(P₁₈₀)两个磷水平下,分析了玉米和花生同垄间作(RIC)与玉米和花生沟垄间作(GIC)对作物叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值、CO₂羧化能力、光系统间协调性和间作产量优势的影响。结果表明: 与FIC和GIC相比,RIC显著提高了间作玉米吐丝期SPAD值及吐丝期、乳熟期功能叶的表观量子效率(AQY)、最大电子传递速率(J_max)、最大羧化效率(V_c,max)、CO₂饱和时的净光合速率(A_max)和光系统间协调性(Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ),降低了乳熟期功能叶K相可变荧光F_k占F_j-F_o振幅的比例(W_k)和J相可变荧光F_j占F_p-F_o振幅的比例(V_j),各指标在FIC与GIC间差异不显著。与FIC相比,RIC和GIC能够提高间作花生生育后期LAI和结荚期SPAD值,显著提高了V_c,max、A_max和Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ,降低荚果膨大期功能叶W_k和V_j值,各指标在RIC与GIC间差异不显著。RIC的土地当量比和间作产量优势均高于FIC和GIC;施磷能进一步促进间作玉米、花生功能叶的V_c,max、J_max、A_max和Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ,提高间作产量优势。表明同垄间作可通过改善间作玉米、花生功能叶的光合电子传递及光系统间协调性,增强CO₂羧化固定能力,提高光合速率,进而增加作物产量和间作优势。

关键词: 玉米和花生间作, 同垄间作, CO₂羧化能力, 光系统间协调性, 间作产量优势

Abstract: To clarify the photosynthetic mechanism contributing to the enhancement of intercropping advantages through co-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut, we conducted a field randomized block experiment under two phosphorus levels of 0(P₀) and 180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2(P₁₈₀) with flat intercropping of maize and peanut (FIC) as the control. We analyzed the effects of co-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut (RIC) and groove-ridge intercropping of maize and peanut (GIC) on crop leaf area index (LAI), SPAD values, CO₂ carboxylation ability, photosystems coordination (Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ), and intercropping advantage of yield. The results showed that RIC significantly increased SPAD value at the silking stage of intercropping maize, and significantly improved the apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis (AQY), maximum electron transfer rate (J_max), maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (V_c,max), net photosynthetic rate at the CO₂ saturation (A_max) and Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ of intercropping maize compared with those of FIC and GIC at silking stage and milking stage, but reduced the ratio of variable fluorescence F_k to amplitude F_j-F_o(W_k) and the ratio of variable fluorescence F_j to amplitude F_p-F_o(V_j) of the functional leaf photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) at the milking stage of maize. There were no significant differences in these parameters between FIC and GIC. Compared with FIC, both RIC and GIC increased LAI of intercropping peanut at late growth stage and SPAD value at pod setting stage, significantly improved V_c,max, A_max, and Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ, and reduced W_k and V_j values of intercropping peanut functional leaves at pod expanding stage. The difference in these parameters between RIC and GIC were not significant. The land equivalent ratio and intercropping advantages of RIC were higher than those of FIC and GIC. Phosphorus application could further promote V_c,max, J_max, A_max and Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ of intercropping maize and peanut, and significantly improve yield advantages of intercropping. The findings indicated that co-ridge intercropping could enhance CO₂ carboxylation and fixation by improving photosynthetic electron transport and pho-tosystems coordination, improve the photosynthetic rate of functional leaves of maize and peanut, thus increase crop yield and intercropping advantages.

Key words: maize and peanut intercropping, co-ridge intercropping, CO₂ carboxylation fixation, photosystems coordination, yield advantage of intercropping

陈俊南, 姜文洋, 昝志曼, 汪江涛, 郑宾, 刘领, 刘娟, 焦念元. 玉米和花生同垄间作对作物光合特性和间作优势的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(10): 2672-2682.

CHEN Junnan, JIANG Wenyang, ZAN Zhiman, WANG Jiangtao, ZHENG Bin, LIU Ling, LIU Juan, JIAO Nianyuan. Effects of maize and peanut co-ridge intercropping on crop photosynthetic characteristics and intercropping advantages[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(10): 2672-2682.

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玉米和花生同垄间作对作物光合特性和间作优势的影响

Effects of maize and peanut co-ridge intercropping on crop photosynthetic characteristics and intercropping advantages

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