有机物料对城市绿地土壤碳库管理指数的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202501.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用尼龙网袋法开展为期475 d的有机物料填埋试验,结合¹³C-核磁共振波谱法,探究不同有机物料添加对城市绿地土壤有机碳组分及碳库管理指数(C_PMI)的影响及其与有机物料化学结构的关系。试验设7个处理:添加园林绿化废弃物(绿废,GW)、绿废堆肥(GWC)、沼渣(BR)、沼渣堆肥(BRC)、泥炭(PT)、生物炭(BC),以不添加有机物料为对照(CK)。结果表明: 与CK相比,6种有机物料添加均显著提高了土壤有机碳(增幅为34.1%～87.0%)及易氧化有机碳含量(增幅为11.1%～39.5%),其中,PT、BC和GWC处理的提升幅度显著大于BR和BRC处理;BR和GW处理显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳和溶解性有机碳含量,PT和BC处理对微生物生物量碳和溶解性有机碳含量无影响。添加6种有机物料土壤C_PMI均大于100%,最大值出现在BC处理,最小值出现在BR处理。相关分析表明,土壤C_PMI与有机物料全氮含量呈显著负相关,与有机物料总有机碳含量无显著相关性。进一步回归分析表明,有机物料芳香度指数与有机物料源碳固定率及土壤C_PMI呈线性正相关关系。综上,有机物料添加显著增加了城市绿地土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳含量及C_PMI,但C_PMI主要受有机物料源碳的结构而非数量的调控,添加含有较高芳香度指数的有机物料更有利于提升土壤碳库质量。

关键词: 有机物料, 碳官能团, 碳库管理指数, 城市绿地

Abstract: We conducted a 475-d urban field experiment using a nylon mech bag method, combined with the solid-state ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to explore the effects of organic materials application on soil organic carbon components and carbon pool management index (C_PMI) and their relationships with the chemical compositions of organic materials. There were seven treatments with the addition of different organic materials: green waste (GW), green waste compost (GWC), biogas residue (BR), biogas residue compost (BRC), peat (PT), biochar (BC), and no organic material (CK). Results showed that organic materials addition increased total soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon content by 34.1%-87.0% and 11.1%-39.5%, respectively. The positive effects of organic materials addition on those two variables in the PT, BC, and GWC treatments were significantly higher than that in the BR and BRC treatments. Soil microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were increased dramatically in the BR and GW treatments compared to the CK, while PT and BC treatments had no effect on soil microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents. The addition of organic materials increased the C_PMI, with all values exceeding 100%, being the highest in BC treatment and the lowest in BR treatment. C_PMI was significantly negatively correlated with the total nitrogen of organic materials, but not with the total organic carbon of organic materials. Moreover, the aromaticity index of organic material was linearly correlated with the stabilization rate of organic material-derived carbon and C_PMI. In conclusion, applying organic materials might increase soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon contents, as well as the C_PMI in urban greenspaces. The C_PMI was mainly regulated by carbon structure rather than the quantity of added organic material-derived carbon. Adding organic materials with high aromatic carbon groups was beneficial to improving the urban soil quality of the carbon pool.

Key words: organic material, carbon functional group, carbon pool management index, urban greenspace

牛玉慧, 马想, 梁晶. 有机物料对城市绿地土壤碳库管理指数的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(1): 169-177.

NIU Yuhui, MA Xiang, LIANG Jing. Effects of organic materials on soil carbon pool management index in urban greenspaces[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(1): 169-177.

参考文献

[1] Lal R. Soil Carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 2004, 304: 1623-1627
[2] Liu XP, Huang YH, Xu XC, et al. High-spatiotemporal-resolution mapping of global urban change from 1985 to 2015. Nature Sustainability, 2020, 3: 564-570
[3] Gurney KR, Romero-Lankao P, Seto KC, et al. Climate change: Track urban emissions on a human scale. Nature, 2015, 525: 179-181
[4] Churkina G, Brown D, Keoleian G. Carbon stored in human settlements: The conterminous United States. Global Change Biology, 2009, 16: 135-143
[5] Tatsumi C, Atherton KF, Garvey SM, et al. Urbanization and edge effects interact to drive mutualism breakdown and the rise of unstable pathogenic communities in forest soil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120: e2307519120
[6] Wu BW, Zhang YY, Wang Y, et al. Urbanization promotes carbon storage or not? The evidence during the rapid process of China. Journal of Environmental Mana-gement, 2024, 359: 121061
[7] Ye GP, Lin YX, Kuzyakov Y, et al. Manure over crop residues increases soil organic matter but decreases microbial necromass relative contribution in upland Ultisols: Results of a 27-year field experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019, 134: 15-24
[8] Kranz CN, McLaughlin RA, Johnson A, et al. The effects of compost incorporation on soil physical properties in urban soils: A concise review. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020, 261: 110209
[9] Liu C, Lu M, Cui J, et al. Effects of straw carbon input on carbon dynamics in agricultural soils: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 2014, 20: 1366-1381
[10] Angers DA, Chantigny MH, MacDonald JD, et al. Differential retention of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in grassland soil profiles with long-term manure application. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2010, 86: 225-229
[11] 魏夏新, 熊俊芬, 李涛, 等. 有机物料还田对双季稻田土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2373-2380
[12] Wang X, Chen F, Liu JJ, et al. Linking the soil carbon pool management index to ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and organic carbon functional groups in abandoned land under climate change. Catena, 2024, 235: 107676
[13] 杨长明, 欧阳竹, 杨林章, 等. 农业土地利用方式对华北平原土壤有机碳组分和团聚体稳定性的影响. 生态学报, 2006, 26(12): 4148-4155
[14] 徐明岗, 于荣, 孙小凤, 等. 长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(4): 459-465
[15] Zhu LQ, Hu NJ, Zhang ZW, et al. Short-term responses of soil organic carbon and carbon pool management index to different annual straw return rates in a rice-wheat cropping system. Catena, 2015, 134: 283-289
[16] Clercq DD, Wen ZG, Gottfried O, et al. A review of global strategies promoting the conversion of food waste to bioenergy via anaerobic digestion. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 79: 204-221
[17] Liu X, Xie YC, Sheng H. Green waste characteristics and sustainable recycling options. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 2023, 79: 204-221
[18] Beillouin D, Corbeels M, Demenois J, et al. A global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon in the Anthropocene. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 3700
[19] Viacheslav V, Kuzyakov Y. Urban soils as hot spots of anthropogenic carbon accumulation: Review of stocks, mechanisms and driving factor. Land Degradation & Development, 2018, 29: 1607-1622
[20] Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, et al. Biochar effects on soil biota: A review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43: 1812-1836
[21] 赵文慧, 马垒, 徐基胜, 等. 秸秆与木本泥炭短期施用对潮土有机质及微生物群落组成和功能的影响. 土壤学报, 2020, 57(1): 153-164
[22] 张继宁, 王乐惠, 孙会峰, 等. 稻田施氮量对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(1): 130-139
[23] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000
[24] Xu YH, Chen ZM, Fontaine S, et al. Dominant effects of organic carbon chemistry on decomposition dynamics of crop residues in a Mollisol. Soil Biology and Bioche-mistry, 2017, 115: 221-232
[25] Ostertag R, Marín-Spiotta E, Silver WL, et al. Litterfall and decomposition in relation to soil carbon pools along a secondary forest chronosequence in Puerto Rico. Ecosystems, 2008, 11: 701-714
[26] Dias T, Oakley S, Alarcon-Gutierrez E, et al. N-driven changes in a plant community affect leaf-litter traits and may delay organic matter decomposition in a Mediterranean maquis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 58: 163e171
[27] Wu JP, Liang GH, Hui DF, et al. Prolonged acid rain facilitates soil organic carbon accumulation in a mature forest in Southern China. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 544: 94-102
[28] Guo HB, Du EZ, Terrer C, et al. Global distribution of surface soil organic carbon in urban greenspaces. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 806
[29] Zhong XL, Li JT, Li XJ, et al. Physical protection by soil aggregates stabilizes soil organic carbon under simulated N deposition in a subtropical forest of China. Geoderma, 2017, 285: 323-332
[30] Luo ZK, Feng WT, Luo YQ, et al. Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate, carbon inputs, soil properties and soil carbon fractions. Global Change Biology, 2017, 23: 4430-4439
[31] Martínez-García LB, Korthals GW, Brussaard L, et al. Litter quality drives nitrogen release, and agricultural management (organic vs. conventional) drives carbon loss during litter decomposition in agro-ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 153: 108115
[32] Yang X, Wang D, Lan Y, et al. Labile organic carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in a 3-year field study with biochar amendment. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018, 18: 1569-1578
[33] Schuldt A, Liu XJ, Buscot F, et al. Carbon-biodiversity relationships in a highly diverse subtropical forest. Glo-bal Change Biology, 2023, 29: 5321-5333
[34] Gong W, Hu TX, Wang JY, et al. Soil carbon pool and fertility under natural evergreen broadleaved forest and its artificial regeneration forests in southern Sichuan Province, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28: 2536-2545
[35] Guenet B, Neill C, Bardoux G, et al. Is there a linear relationship between priming effect intensity and the amount of organic matter input? Applied Soil Ecology, 2010, 46: 436-442
[36] Waqas M, Nizami AS, Aburiazaiza AS, et al. Optimization of food waste compost with the use of biochar. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 216: 70-81
[37] Yuan BC, Li ZZ, Liu H, et al. Microbial biomass and activity in salt affected soils under arid conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 2017, 35: 319-328
[38] Singh G, Mavi MS, Choudhary OP, et al. Interaction of pyrolysed and un-pyrolysed organic materials enhances carbon accumulation in soil irrigated with water of variable electrical conductivity. Soil and Tillage Research, 2022, 215: 105193
[39] Halder M, Liu S, Zhang ZB, et al. Effects of residue stoichiometric, biochemical and C functional features on soil aggregation during decomposition of eleven organic residues. Catena, 2021, 202: 105288
[40] Lv CH, Wang CK, Cai AD, et al. Global magnitude of rhizosphere effects on soil microbial communities and carbon cycling in natural terrestrial ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 856: 158961
[41] Fontaine S, Hénault C, Aamor A, et al. Fungi mediate long term sequestration of carbon and nitrogen in soil through their priming effect. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43: 86-96
[42] 孙新, 李琪, 姚海凤, 等. 土壤动物与土壤健康. 土壤学报, 2021, 58(5): 1073-1083