半干旱区浅埋滴灌春玉米产量与水分利用效率协同提升策略

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202603.016

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 825-835.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202603.016

半干旱区浅埋滴灌春玉米产量与水分利用效率协同提升策略

刘泳圻¹, 谷健², 尹光华², 王惟舒¹, 马宁宁², 李航¹, 孙仕军^1*

¹沈阳农业大学水利学院, 沈阳 110866;
²中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2025-08-11 接受日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-09-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: sunshijun2000@syau.edu.cn
作者简介:刘泳圻, 男, 1995年生, 博士研究生。主要从事作物高效用水和水土资源综合利用研究。E-mail: 2022200011@stu.syau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500700)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090200,XDA28120100)、辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(LSNFW201913)、辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2023JH2/101700357)和辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2025JH2/101300082)

Synergistic improvement strategy of spring maize yield and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation in semi-arid areas

LIU Yongqi¹, GU Jian², YIN Guanghua², WANG Weishu¹, MA Ningning², LI Hang¹, SUN Shijun^1*

¹College of Water Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
²Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2025-08-11 Accepted:2026-01-26 Online:2026-03-18 Published:2026-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确半干旱区浅埋滴灌节水增产机制,构建春玉米产量与水分利用效率协同提升的灌溉制度,于2023—2024年在辽宁西部半干旱区开展了为期2年的完全随机区组试验。试验设置3个灌水频率(F₁～F₃,分别为7 d 1次、14 d 1次、21 d 1次)和4个灌水定额[I₁～I₄,分别为60%作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET_c)、80% ET_c、100% ET_c和120% ET_c],系统研究了两因素对玉米根系伤流量、干物质积累、净光合速率(P_n)、产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:相同灌水定额下,与F₁和F₃相比,F₂处理的苗期根系伤流量及干物质积累量分别显著提高16.3%～24.4%和18.7%～27.4%,使WUE提升了4.3%～8.0%,且在抽雄期8:00和16:00具有更高的P_n。相同灌水频率下,与I₁、I₃、I₄相比,I₂处理各生育期根系伤流量和干物质积累量(除拔节期外)分别提高11.6%～43.3%和6.5%～21.5%,使产量提高了4.0%～18.0%;且在8:00、14:00、16:00具有更高的P_n。两因素交互作用下,与其他处理相比,F₂I₂处理对灌浆期根系伤流量和干物质积累量、产量和WUE有显著促进作用。路径分析显示,灌浆期根系伤流量和干物质积累量,抽雄期8:00、16:00的P_n,是协同提高作物产量和WUE的关键。综上,半干旱区浅埋滴灌春玉米的最优灌溉策略为灌水频率14 d 1次、灌水定额80% ET_c。

关键词: 灌水频率, 灌水定额, 玉米生长, 路径分析, 节水增产

Abstract: To elucidate the mechanisms by which shallow buried drip irrigation enhances water saving and yield in semi-arid areas, and to develop an irrigation regime that synergistically improves spring maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE), we conducted a two-year completely randomized block experiment in the semi-arid area of western Liaoning from 2023 to 2024. There were three irrigation frequencies (F₁-F₃, irrigation every 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively) and four irrigation quotas (I₁-I₄, corresponding to 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ET_c), respectively). We investigated the effects of these two factors on maize root-breeding sap flow, dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), yield, and WUE. The results showed that under the same irrigation quota, compared with F₁ and F₃, the F₂ treatment significantly increased the root-breeding sap flow and dry matter accumulation during the seedling stage by 16.3%-24.4% and 18.7%-27.4%, respectively, leading to a 4.3%-8.0% increase in WUE, and exhibited a higher P_n at 8:00 and 16:00 during the tasseling stage. Under the same irrigation frequency, compared with I₁, I₃, and I₄, the I₂ treatment increased root-breeding sap flow and dry matter accumulation across all growth stages (except during the jointing stage) by 11.6%-43.3% and 6.5%-21.5%, respectively, resulting in a 4.0%-18.0% increase in yield; it also showed a higher P_n at 8:00, 14:00, and 16:00. Considering the interactive effects of those two factors, the F₂I₂ treatment significantly promoted root-breeding sap flow and dry matter accumulation during the milky stage. Path analysis showed that root sap flow and dry matter accumulation during the milky stage, and P_n at 8:00 and 16:00 during the tasseling stage, were the key factors driving the synergistic improvement in maize yield and WUE. In summary, an irrigation frequency of once every 14 days combined with an irrigation quota of 80% ET_c is the optimal irrigation strategy for spring maize under shallow buried drip irrigation in semi-arid areas.

Key words: irrigation frequency, irrigation quota, maize growth, path analysis, water-saving and yield-increasing

刘泳圻, 谷健, 尹光华, 王惟舒, 马宁宁, 李航, 孙仕军. 半干旱区浅埋滴灌春玉米产量与水分利用效率协同提升策略[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(3): 825-835.

LIU Yongqi, GU Jian, YIN Guanghua, WANG Weishu, MA Ningning, LI Hang, SUN Shijun. Synergistic improvement strategy of spring maize yield and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation in semi-arid areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(3): 825-835.

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半干旱区浅埋滴灌春玉米产量与水分利用效率协同提升策略

Synergistic improvement strategy of spring maize yield and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation in semi-arid areas

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