Characteristics of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity on different positions and their controlling factors of granite collapsing gullies

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.029

Abstract

Abstract: Collapsing gully is a common phenomenon of hydraulic-gravity combined soil erosion in granite hilly area of south China. The study aimed to explore the relationship between soil hydraulics pro-perties and erosion mechanism and the intrinsic controlling factors. The active, semi-stable, and stable types of granite collapsing gullies in southeastern Guangxi were selected to examine the spatial variation of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and identify the influencing factors. Main results were as follows: 1) Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of collapsing gullies fluctuated on different positions, with the bottom of collapsing wall showing the minimum value, the top of colluvial deposit showing the maximum, and followed by the top of alluvial fan. 2) All the models being selected to model the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, including Cosby, Compbell, Julià, and Hypre, performed poor. 3) Results of correlation analysis showed that soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was negatively correlated with capillary porosity and clay content, and positively correlated with non-capillary porosity and sand content. 4) Results of path analysis showed that sand content was the most influencing factor in controlling soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of collapsing gullies, followed by non-capillary porosity and soil bulk density, where sand content and non-capillary porosity exerted a positive effect and bulk density exerted a negative one. Our findings will provide theoretical basis for the mechanistic understanding and prevention of collapsing gullies erosion.

Key words: soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, granite collapsing gully, southeast Guangxi, pedo-transfer function

HUANG Wan-xia, DENG Yu-song, XIE Fu-qian, YANG Gai-ren, JIANG Dai-hua, HUANG Zhi-gang. Characteristics of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity on different positions and their controlling factors of granite collapsing gullies[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(7): 2431-2440.

References

[1] 华孟, 王坚. 土壤物理学. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1993 [Hua M, Wang J. Soil Physics. Beijing: Beijing Agricultural University Press, 1993]
[2] 孙荣国, 韦武思, 王定勇. 秸秆-膨润土-PAM改良材料对砂质土壤饱和导水率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(1): 89-93 [Sun R-G, Wei W-S, Wang D-Y. Effect of straw-bentonite-PAM improved material on saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(1): 89-93]
[3] Duan XQ, Deng YS, Tao Y, et al. Variation in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity along the hillslope of collapsing granite gullies. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2018, 63: 803-817
[4] 邵明安, 王全九. 推求土壤水分运动参数的简单入渗法. Ⅰ. 理论分析. 土壤学报, 2000, 37(1): 1-8 [Shao M-A, Wang Q-J. A simple infiltration method for estimating soil hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils. I. Theoretical analysis. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2000, 37(1): 1-8]
[5] Deng YS, Duan XQ, Ding SW, et al. Suction stress characteristics in granite red soils and their relationship with the collapsing gully in south China. Catena, 2018, 171: 505-522
[6] 雷廷武, 潘英华, 刘汗, 等. 产流积水法测量降雨侵蚀影响下坡地土壤入渗性能. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(8): 7-11 [Lei T-W, Pan Y-H, Liu H, et al. Measurement of rainfall erosion impacted soil infiltration capability of slope land with run-on-ponding water. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006, 22(8): 7-11]
[7] Deng, YS, Cai CF, Xia D, et al. Soil Atterberg limits of different weathering profiles of the collapsing gullies in the hilly granitic region of southern China. Solid Earth, 2017, 8: 499-513
[8] Zimmermann B, Elsenbeer H. Spatial and temporal varia-bility of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in gradient of disturbance. Journal of Hydrology, 2008, 361: 87-95
[9] 廖凯华, 徐绍辉, 程桂福. 大沽河流域土壤饱和导水率空间变异特征. 土壤, 2009, 41(1): 147-151 [Liao K-H, Xu S-H, Cheng G-F. Spatial variation of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in Dagu River Basin. Soils, 2009, 41(1): 147-151]
[10] 胡克林, 李保国, 陈研. 表层土壤饱和导水率的空间变异对农田水分渗漏的影响. 水利学报, 2006, 37(10): 1217-1223 [Hu K-L, Li B-G, Chen Y. Effect of spatial variability of surface soil saturated hydraulic conductivity on water drainage at field scale. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37(10): 1217-1223]
[11] 曹小玉, 李际平, 张彩彩, 等. 不同龄组杉木林土壤有机碳和理化性质的变化特征及其通径分析. 水土保持学报, 2014, 28(4): 200-205 [Cao X-Y, Li J-P, Zhang C-C, et al. Variation of contents of organic carbon and physico-chemical properties of soil and path analysis for their relations in different age-group Chinese fir plantations. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(4): 200-205]
[12] 张雪松, 闫艺兰, 胡正华. 不同时间尺度农田蒸散影响因子的通径分析. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(4): 201-210 [Zhang X-S, Yan Y-L, Hu Z-H. Using path analysis to identify impacting factors of evapotranspiration at different time scales in farmland. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(4): 201-210]
[13] 牛德奎, 郭晓敏, 左长清, 等. 我国南方红壤丘陵区崩岗侵蚀的分布及其环境背景分析. 江西农业大学报, 2000, 22(2): 204-208 [Niu D-K, Guo X-M, Zuo C-Q, et al. Analysis of the distribution and environmental surroundings of collapsed hills land of red soil in south of China. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2000, 22(2): 204-208]
[14] 葛宏力, 黄炎和, 蒋芳市. 福建省崩岗发生的地质和地貌条件分析. 水土保持通报, 2007, 27(2): 128-131, 140 [Ge H-L, Huang Y-H, Jiang F-S. Geologic and geomorphologic conditions for slope collapse occurrences in Fujian. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 27(2): 128-131, 140]
[15] 曾昭璇. 岩石地形学. 北京: 地质出版社, 1960 [Zeng Z-X. Rock Topography. Beijing: Geological Press, 1960]
[16] 廖义善, 唐常源, 袁再健, 等. 南方红壤区崩岗侵蚀及其防治研究进展. 土壤学报, 2018, 55(6): 1297-1312 [Liao Y-S, Tang C-Y, Yuan Z-J, et al. Research progress on Benggang erosion and its prevention measure in red soil region of couthern China. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2018, 55(6): 1297-1312]
[17] 丘世钧. 红土坡地崩岗侵蚀过程与机理. 水土保持通报, 1994, 14(6): 31-40 [Qiu S-J. The process and mechanism of red earth slope disintegration erosion. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 1994, 14(6): 31-40]
[18] 林敬兰, 黄炎和. 崩岗侵蚀的成因机理研究与问题. 水土保持研究, 2010, 17(2): 41-44 [Lin J-L, Huang Y-H. Review of study on formation mechanism of slope disintegration erosion and its problems. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 17(2): 41-44]
[19] 李旭义, 查轩, 陈世发. 崩岗侵蚀治理范式结构与功能研究. 水土保持研究, 2009, 16(1): 93-97 [Li X-Y, Zha X, Chen S-F. Research on the structure and function of erosive control paradigm of slump gully. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 16(1): 93-97]
[20] 谢炎敏. 福建省长汀县崩岗生物治理模式的生态环境效应分析. 亚热带水土保持, 2017, 29(2): 13-15 [Xie Y-M. Analysis of eco-environmental effects of the collapse bio-management model in Changting County. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 29(2): 13-15]
[21] 张大林, 刘希林. 崩岗堆积土体渗透特性及剖面水分特征——以广东省五华县莲塘岗崩岗为例. 水土保持通报, 2015, 35(2): 251-256 [Zhang D-L, Liu X-L. Permeability and sectional moisture characteristics of deposits in collapse hill: An example of Liantanggang collapse hill in Wuhua County of Guangdong Province. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 35(2): 251-256]
[22] 刘希林, 张大林. 崩岗土体剖面水分分布特征及变化规律——以广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗为例. 热带地理, 2015, 35(3): 291-297 [Liu X-L, Zhang D-L. Distribution characteristics and spatial variation of Benggang soil moistures: A case study of Liantanggang in Wuhua County, Guangdong. Tropical Geography, 2015, 35(3): 291-297]
[23] 邓羽松, 丁树文, 刘辰明, 等. 鄂东南花岗岩崩岗崩壁土壤水分特征研究. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(4): 132-137 [Deng Y-S, Ding S-W, Liu C-M, et al. Soil moisture characteristics of collapsing gully wall in granite area of southeastern Hubei. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(4): 132-137]
[24] 林敬兰, 黄炎和, 蒋芳市, 等. 崩岗土体的渗透性能机理研究. 水土保持学报, 2013, 27(2): 53-56 [Lin J-L, Huang Y-H, Jiang F-S, et al. Study on the mechanism of different soil layer's permeability in Benggang. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 27(2): 53-56]
[25] 赵晓晓, 黄炎和, 林金石, 等. 崩壁不同土层水分运动特征的染色示踪. 福建农林大学学报: 自然科学版, 2017, 46(2): 199-205 [Zhao X-X, Huang Y-H, Lin J-S, et al. Characterization of moisture migration of different soil layers in collapse hill by dye tracing method. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University: Natural Science, 2017, 46(2): 199-205]
[26] 蒋芳市, 黄炎和, 林金石, 等. 崩岗崩积体土壤渗透特性分析. 水土保持学报, 2013, 27(3): 49-54 [Jiang F-S, Huang Y-H, Lin J-S, et al. Study on soil permeability of slumping deposits in Benggang. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 27(3): 49-54]
[27] 黄艳霞. 广西崩岗侵蚀的现状、成因及治理模式. 中国水土保持, 2007(2): 3-4 [Huang Y-X. The present situation, cause and control mode of erosion of collapse hills in Guangxi. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2007(2): 3-4]
[28] 王贤, 张洪江, 程金花, 等. 重庆市四面山典型林分土壤饱和导水率研究. 水土保持通报, 2012, 32(2): 29-34 [Wang X, Zhang H-J, Cheng J-H, et al. Saturated hydraulic conductivity in soils under typical forests in Simian mountains of Chongqing City. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 32(2): 29-34]
[29] Zhang FY, Li LH, Ahmad S, et al. Using path analysis to identify the influence of climatic factors on spring peak flow dominated by snowmelt in an alpine watershed. Journal of Mountain Science, 2014, 11: 990-1000
[30] 姚姣转, 刘廷玺, 王天帅, 等. 科尔沁沙地土壤水分特征曲线传递函数的构建与评估. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(20): 98-108 [Yao J-Z, Liu Y-X, Wang T-S, et al. Development and evaluation of pedo-transfer functions of soil water characteristic curves in Horqin sandy land. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(20): 98-108]
[31] 林金石, 庄雅婷, 黄炎和, 等. 不同剪切方式下崩岗红土层抗剪特征随水分变化规律. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(24): 106-110 [Lin J-S, Zhuang Y-T, Huang Y-H, et al. Shear strengths of collapsing hill in red soil as affected by soil moisture under different experimental methods. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(24): 106-110]
[32] 王学强, 蔡强国, 和继军, 等. 花岗岩风化壳的层次特性对土壤侵蚀及其防治措施的影响. 亚热带水土保持, 2008, 20(2): 20-24 [Wang X-Q, Cai Q-G, He J-J, et al. Effects of the layered characteristics of granite weathering crust on soil erosion and its control measures. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 20(2): 20-24]
[33] Xia D, Deng YS, Wang SL, et al. Fractal features of soil particle-size distribution of different weathering profiles of the collapsing gullies in the hilly granitic region, south China. Natural Hazards, 2015, 79: 455-478
[34] 蒋芳市, 黄炎和, 林金石, 等. 花岗岩崩岗崩积体颗粒组成及分形特征. 水土保持研究, 2014, 21(6): 175-180 [Jiang F-S, Huang Y-H, Lin J-S, et al. Soil particle size distribution and fractal dimensions of colluvial deposits in granite Benggang. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 21(6): 175-180]
[35] 段晓倩, 倪晨, 陈姣, 等. 基于含水量高频监测的花岗岩崩岗侵蚀红壤优先流研究. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(5): 82-88 [Duan X-Q, Ni C, Chen J, et al. Study on the preferential flow of red soil erosion in granite slope collapse with high frequency monitoring of water content. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(5): 82-88]
[36] 王子龙, 赵勇钢, 赵世伟, 等. 退耕典型草地土壤饱和导水率及其影响因素研究. 草地学报, 2016, 24(6): 1254-1262 [Wang Z-L, Zhao Y-G, Zhao S-W, et al. Study on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and its influencing factors in typical grassland of farmland conversion. Acta Agrestia Sinca, 2016, 24(6): 1254-1262]
[37] Liao YS, Yuan ZJ, Zheng MG, et al. The spatial distribution of Benggang and the factors that influence it. Land Degradation & Development, 2019, 30: 2323-2335