Effects of thinning and reshaping on canopy micro-domain environment and leaf physiological characteristics in dense Fuji apple orchard on Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202011.030

Abstract

Abstract: We examined the effects of thinning and reshaping on the canopy micro-domain environment, leaves micro-structure, physiological characteristics and photosynthetic capacity of 16 year-old Fuji apple dense orchards by measuring canopy relative light intensity, temperature, relative humidity, leaf chlorophyll content, micro-structure, and photosynthetic fluorescence. After thinning and reshaping, relative light intensity and temperature of tree canopy were significantly improved, and the distribution was balanced. Effective light intensity (>30%) was 57% higher than that of control (thinning and reshaping, CK), and temperature increased by 1.1 ℃. Due to the improvement of relative light intensity and temperature in the canopy, leaf chlorophyll, leaf thickness, and palisade tissue thickness of thinning trees were increased by 8.7%, 5.4%, and 9.2%, respectively. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves were also significantly increased, being 12.6%, 17.1% and 7.3% higher than CK, respectively. Leaf photosynthesis capacity of both treatments was limited by non-stomatal factors. After thinning and reshaping, F_m (maximum fluorescence) and q_N(non-photochemical quenching coefficient) of PSⅡ in leaves were increased by 1.5% and 2.1%. Leaves did not suffer strong light photoinhibition, with ABS/RC (unit reaction center absorbs light energy), ETo/RC (energy used for electron transfer captured by unit reaction center) and TRo/RC (energy captured by the unit reaction center to reduce Q_A) of leaves being significantly improved. The physiological characteristics of leaves were closely related to light and temperature environment. After thinning, light and temperature of the orchard canopy were improved, which promoted leaves growth and development, improved foliar micro-structure and photosynthetic efficiency. Thinning and reshaping were suitable strategies for the adjustment and optimization of Fuji orchard density in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu.

Key words: apple, dense orchard, thinning and reshaping, micro-domain environment, leaf cha-racteristics

NIU Jun-qiang, SUN Wen-tai, DONG Tie, YIN Xiao-ning, LIU Xing-lu, MA Ming. Effects of thinning and reshaping on canopy micro-domain environment and leaf physiological characteristics in dense Fuji apple orchard on Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(11): 3681-3690.

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