Effects of thinning intensity on the understory water-holding capacity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in the Bashang area of north China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.023

Abstract

Abstract: The complex terrain and poor climatic conditions in Bashang area of Hebei Province result in water and soil loss and geological disasters, which pose a serious threat to ecological safety in North China. In order to improve local environmental quality, barren-resistant and fast-growing tree species such as Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii are planted with large areas. However, unreasonable plantation density will lead to inefficient utilization of rainfall and intensify the conflict between forest and water. In this study, we analyzed the effects of five thinning intensities (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation on herbs, litter, soil and overall water-holding capacity, with the aim to provide scientific basis for management of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The results showed that water-holding rate of herb varied from 47.7% to 90.7%, and that the water-holding capacity of herb decreased with increasing thinning intensity. When the thinning intensity was less than 40%, water-holding capacity decreased slowly, and then decreased rapidly. With the increase of thinning intensity, natural water-holding rate and maximum water-holding rate of undecomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer decreased gradually, with the effective water-holding rate being 60%>40%>20%>80%>0, and the water-holding capacity of semi-decomposed layer being better than that of undecomposed layer. The water-holding capacity of soil decreased gradually with the increases of thinning intensity. Thinning intensity less than 40% promoted water holding capacity. Under different thinning intensities, the total water-holding rate of understory was 8.3%-14.3%, with an order of 20%>0>40%>60%>80%. In view of understory all layers and overall changes, the thinning intensity at 20% in the study area could effectively improve the understory water-holding capacity and achieve better ecological benefits.

Key words: thinning intensity, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, water-holding capacity, understory structure, stand density

WU Xue-ming, YU Xin-xiao, CHEN Li-hua, JIA Guo-dong, QIU Yun-xiao, PENG Xiu-wen. Effects of thinning intensity on the understory water-holding capacity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in the Bashang area of north China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(7): 2347-2354.

References

[1] 曾德慧, 尤文忠, 范志平, 等. 樟子松人工固沙林天然更新障碍因子分析. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(3): 257-261 [Zeng D-H, You W-Z, Fan Z-P, et al. Ana-lysis of natural regeneration barriers of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation on sandy land. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(3): 257-261]
[2] 马芳芳, 贾翔, 赵卫, 等. 间伐强度对辽东落叶松人工林土壤理化性质的影响. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(4): 971-977 [Ma F-F, Jia X, Zhao W, et al. Effects of thinning intensity on soil physicochemical properties of Larix kaempferi plantation in eastern Liaoning Pro-vince. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017, 36(4): 971-977]
[3] 莫康乐, 丛振涛. 考虑植被对降雨变化响应的流域水量平衡. 清华大学学报: 自然科学版, 2017, 57(8): 851-856 [Mo K-L, Cong Z-T. Water balance in a watershed considering the response of vegetation cover to rainfall changes. Journal of Tsinghua University: Science and Technology, 2017, 57(8): 851-856]
[4] 张甜, 朱玉杰, 董希斌. 抚育间伐和修枝对落叶松用材林生长和冠层的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2017, 45(12): 8-11 [Zhang T, Zhu Y-J, Dong X-B. Effects of thinning and pruning on the growth and canopy of larch forest. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2017, 45(12): 8-11]
[5] Versini A, Mareschal L, Matsoumbou T, et al. Effects of litter manipulation in a tropical Eucalyptus plantation on leaching of mineral nutrients, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon. Geoderma, 2014, 232-234: 426-436
[6] Diaz-Balteiro L, Rodriguez LCE. Optimal rotations on Eucalyptus plantations including carbon sequestration: A comparison of results in Brazil and Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 229: 247-258
[7] 韩胜利. 兴安落叶松天然林林分结构特征及抚育间伐技术研究田. 博士论文. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2016 [Han S-L. Study on the Structure Characteristics and Operation Technology of Larix gmelinii Forest. PhD Thesis. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2016]
[8] Engler B, Becker G, Hoffmann S. Process mechanization models for improved Eucalyptus plantation management in Southern China based on the analysis of currently applied semi-mechanized harvesting operations. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2016, 87: 96-106
[9] Cao Y, Fu S, Zou X, et al. Soil microbial community composition under Eucalyptus plantations of different age in subtropical China. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2010, 46: 128-135
[10] Ge ZM, Kellomaki S, Peltola H, et al. Effects of varying thinning regimes on carbon uptake, total stem wood growth, and timber production in Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in southern Finland under the changing climate. Annals of Forest Science, 2011, 68: 371-383
[11] 段劼, 马履一, 贾黎明, 等. 抚育间伐对侧柏人工林及林下植被生长的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(6): 1431-1441 [Duan J, Ma L-Y, Jia L-M, et al. Effect of thinning on Platycladus orientalis plantation and the diversity of undergrowth vegetation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(6): 1431-1441]
[12] 时忠杰, 王彦辉, 于彭涛, 等. 宁夏六盘山林区几种主要森林植被生态水文功能研究. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(3): 134-138 [Shi Z-J, Wang Y-H, Yu P-T, et al. Study on different forestry vegetation's ecohydrological function in Liupan Mountain of Ningxia China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(3): 134-138]
[13] Zhang J, Bruijnzeel LA, van Meerveld I, et al. Soil physical characteristics of a degraded tropical grassland and a ‘reforest': Implications for runoff generation. Geoderma, 2019, 333: 163-177
[14] 杨建伟, 杨建英, 何会宾, 等. 冀北山区滦平县4种新造林地水源涵养能力研究. 生态学报, 2019, 39 (18): 6731-6737 [Yang J-W, Yang J-Y, He H-B, et al. Study of water conservation capacity of four new woodlands in the northern Hebei Mountainous Area of Luanping County. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(18): 6731-6737]
[15] Shi ZJ, Wang YH, Yu PT, et al. Study on different fore-stry vegetation's eco-hydrological function in Liupan Mountain of Ningxia China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19: 134-138
[16] 张振明, 余新晓, 牛健植, 等. 不同林分枯落物层的水文生态功能. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(3): 139-143 [Zhang Z-M, Yu X-X, Niu J-Z, et al. Ecohydrological functions of litter on different forest stands. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(3): 139-143]
[17] 国家林业局. 中华人民共和国林业行业标准——森林土壤水分-物理性质的测定(LY/T 1215—1999). 北京: 中国标准出版, 1999 [State Forestry Administration. Forestry Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China—Forest Soil Moisture-Determination of Physical Properties (LY/T 1215-1999). Beijing: China Standards Press, 1999]
[18] 佳雯, 高吉喜, 高志球, 等. 森林生态系统水源涵养服务功能解析. 生态学报, 2018, 38(5): 1679-1686 [Jia W, Gao J-X, Gao Z-Q, et al. Analyzing the water conservation service function of the forest ecosystem. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(5): 1679-1686]
[19] 李亚男, 许雪飞, 许中旗, 等. 抚育间伐对燕山北部山地林内小气候的影响. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(11): 121-127 [Li Y-N, Xu X-F, Xu Z-Q, et al. Effects of thinning on forest microclimate in northern region of Yanshan Mountain. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2015, 35(11): 121-127]
[20] 赵波. 近自然经营对旺业甸林场森林持水能力的影响研究. 硕士论文. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2017 [Zhao B. The Effect of Close-to-nature Management of Water Conservation Capacity of Forest Farm in Wangye-dian. Master Thesis. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2017]
[21] 林娜, 刘勇, 李国雷, 等. 抚育间伐对人工林凋落物分解的影响. 世界林业研究, 2010, 23(3): 44-47 [Lin N, Liu Y, Li G-L, et al. Research progress of impact of thinning on plantation litter decomposition. World Forestry Research, 2010, 23(3): 44-47]
[22] 杜华栋. 陕北黄土高原优势物种叶片结构与生理特性不同立地环境的生态响应. 硕士论文. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2010 [Du H-D. Ecological Responses of Foliar Anatomical Structure and Physiological Characteristics of Dominant Plants at Different Site Conditions in North Shaanxi Loss Plateau. Master Thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2010]
[23] 马骥, 王勋陵, 王燕春. 骆驼蓬属营养器官的旱生结构. 西北植物学报, 1997, 17(4): 478-482 [Ma J, Wang X-L, Wang Y-C. An anatomical study on xeromorphic structures of Peganum in northwest China. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 1997, 17(4): 478-482]
[24] 刘小娥, 苏世平. 兰州市南北两山5种典型人工林凋落物的水文功能. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(8): 2574-2582 [Liu X-E, Su S-P. Hydrological functions of litters under five typical plantations in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(8): 2574-2582]
[25] 张伟, 杨新兵, 张汝松, 等. 冀北山地不同林分枯落物及土壤的水源涵养功能评价. 水土保持通报, 2011, 31(3): 208-212 [Zhang W, Yang X-B, Zhang R-S, et al. Evaluation on water conservation functions of litter and soils under different forests in mountainous area of Northern Hebei Province. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 31(3): 208-212]
[26] 尤海舟, 毕君, 宋熙龙, 等. 间伐抚育对小五台山华北落叶松林下枯落物持水特性的影响. 水土保持通报, 2013, 33(3): 63-67 [You H-Z, Bi J, Song X-L, et al. Influences of thinning on water-holding characteristics of litters for Larix principis-rupprechtii forest in Xiaowutai Mountains. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 33(3): 63-67]
[27] 唐禾, 陈永华, 张建国, 等. 抚育间伐对麻栎次生林枯落物持水性的影响. 水土保持研究, 2018, 25(4): 104-109 [Tang H, Chen Y-H, Zhang J-G, et al. Effects of thinning on litter water holding capacity of Quercus acutissima secondary forest. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 25(4): 104-109]
[28] 戎建涛, 张晓红, 郜爱玲, 等. 不同间伐强度经营对柳杉人工林土壤理化性质的影响. 西北林学院学报, 2019, 34(4): 206-211 [Rong J-T, Zhang X-H, Hao A-L, et al. Effects of different thinning intensity mana-gements on soil physicochemical properties of Cryptomeria fortunei plantations. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2019, 34(4): 206-211]
[29] 朱玉杰, 董希斌. 大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价. 林业科学, 2016, 52 (12): 29-38 [Zhu Y-J, Dong X-B. Evaluation of the effects of different thinning intensities on larch forest in Great Xing'an Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(12): 29-38]
[30] 郑丽凤, 周新年, 巫志龙, 等. 天然林不同强度采伐10 a后林地土壤理化性质分析. 林业科学研究, 2008, 21(1): 106-109 [Zheng L-F, Zhou X-N, Wu Z-L, et al. Analysis on soil physic-chemical properties of natural forest 10 years after high intensity cutting. Forest Research, 2008, 21(1): 106-109]
[31] 张期奇, 董希斌. 抚育间伐强度对落叶松次生林水文生态功能的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2020, 48(6): 142-145 [Zhang Q-Q, Dong X-B. Effect of tending thinning intensity on hydroecological and ecological function of secondary Larix forest. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2020, 48(6): 142-145]