Effects of groundwater depth on functional traits of young Haloxylon ammodendron.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.025

Abstract

Abstract: Groundwater is an important water source for phreatophytic shrubs in arid desert areas. In order to understand the impacts of groundwater depth on functional traits of phreatophytic shrubs, two groups of groundwater levels (2 and 3.5 m) were set up using lysimeter with automatic water replenishing instrument. We measured hydraulic traits, gas exchange characteristics, and root morphological parameters of young Haloxylon ammodendron during the growing season. The results showed that predawn assimilating branch water potential, osmotic potential at full turgor, and root length ratio of young H. ammodendron in the groundwater depth of 3.5 m were lower by 48.2%, 41.5% and 56.7% than that under groundwater depth of 2 m, respectively, while maximum net photosynthetic rate of late growing season, root volume, specific root length and specific root area of fine root were 75.7%, 41.0%, 273.7% and 67.7% higher, respectively. Midday water potential and water content of assimilating branch tended to decrease first in the early growing season and then increase in the late growing season. Root distribution of young H. ammodendron along soil profile showed a significant positive correlation between the average root diameter and soil depth, while the proportion of fine root surface area showed a significant negative correlation with soil depth at both groundwater levels. There was synergy of aboveground assimilating branch hydraulic traits and photosynthetic capacity with belowground root morphological traits in young H. ammodendron. Under the condition of increasing groundwater depth, young H. ammodendron adopted the ecological strategies of reducing predawn assimilating branch water potential and osmotic potential at full turgor, and increasing root diameter and length to enhance water deficit tolerance and expanding the area of water uptake to sustain their survival.

Key words: groundwater depth, hydraulic trait, gas exchange, root morphology, Haloxylon ammodendron

LIU Shen-si, XU Gui-qing, CHEN Tu-qiang, MI Xiao-jun, LIU Yan, MA Jian, LI Yan. Effects of groundwater depth on functional traits of young Haloxylon ammodendron.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 733-741.

References 42

[1]	Zhang XL, Guan T, Zhou JH, et al. Groundwater depth and soil properties are associated with variation in vegetation of a desert riparian ecosystem in an arid area of China. Forests, 2018, 9: 1-18
[2]	Huang F, Zhang YD, Zhang DR, et al. Environmental groundwater depth for groundwater-dependent terrestrial ecosystems in arid/semiarid regions: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16: 763
[3]	Antunes C, Chozas S, West J, et al. Groundwater drawdown drives ecophysiological adjustments of woody vegetation in a semi-arid coastal ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24: 4894-4908
[4]	李婧昕, 张红旗. 新疆昌吉绿洲耕地适宜规模研究. 地理研究, 2021, 40(3): 613-626
[5]	Wang Y, Zheng C, Ma R. Review: Safe and sustainable groundwater supply in China. Hydrogeology Journal, 2018, 26: 1301-1324
[6]	Cui Y, Shao J. The role of ground water in arid/semiarid ecosystems, Northwest China. Groundwater, 2005, 43: 471-477
[7]	苏鹏燕, 张明军, 王圣杰, 等. 基于氢氧稳定同位素的黄河兰州段河岸植物水分来源. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(6): 1835-1843
[8]	司朗明, 刘彤, 刘斌, 等. 古尔班通古特沙漠西部梭梭种群退化原因的对比分析. 生态学报, 2011, 31(21): 6460-6468
[9]	陈伟涛, 孙自永, 王焰新, 等. 论内陆干旱区依赖地下水的植被生态需水量研究关键科学问题. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 2014, 39(9): 1340-1348
[10]	陈敏, 陈亚宁, 李卫红. 塔里木河中游地区柽柳对地下水埋深的生理响应. 西北植物学报, 2008, 28(7): 1415-1421
[11]	苏华, 李永庚, 苏本营, 等. 地下水位下降对浑善达克沙地榆树光合及抗逆性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(3): 177-186
[12]	Antunes C, Diaz Barradas MC, Zunzunegui M, et al. Contrasting plant water-use responses to groundwater depth in coastal dune ecosystems. Functional Ecology, 2018, 32: 1931-1943
[13]	Pan YP, Chen YP, Chen YN, et al. Impact of groundwater depth on leaf hydraulic properties and drought vulnerability of Populus euphratica in the Northwest of China. Trees, 2016, 30: 2029-2039
[14]	Bardgett RD, Mommer L, De Vries FT. Going underground: root traits as drivers of ecosystem processes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2014, 29: 692-699
[15]	Mao W, Felton AJ, Ma YH, et al. Relationships between aboveground and belowground trait responses of a dominant plant species to alterations in watertable depth. Land Degradation & Development, 2018, 29: 4015-4024
[16]	陈明涛, 赵忠. 干旱对4种苗木根系特征及各部分物质分配的影响. 北京林业大学学报, 2011, 33(1): 16-22
[17]	Wu X, Zheng XJ, Li Y, et al. Varying responses of two Haloxylon species to extreme drought and groundwater depth. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2019, 158: 63-72
[18]	马全林, 王继和, 纪永福, 等. 固沙树种梭梭在不同水分梯度下的光合生理特征. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(12): 2120-2126
[19]	戴岳, 郑新军, 唐立松, 等. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭水分利用动态. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(11): 1214-1225
[20]	班卫强, 严成, 尹林克, 等. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同立地条件植物多样性和优势种群生态位特征研究. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(6): 1632-1638
[21]	Schulte PJ, Hinckley TM. A comparison of pressure-vo-lume curve data analysis techniques. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1985, 36: 1590-1602
[22]	Ye ZP, Yu Q. A coupled model of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis for winter wheat. Photosynthetica, 2008, 46: 637-640
[23]	Berry JA, Downton WJS. Environmental Regulation of Photosynthesis. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 1982: 263-343
[24]	Germon A, Cardinael R, Prieto I, et al. Unexpected phenology and lifespan of shallow and deep fine roots of walnut trees grown in a silvoarable Mediterranean agroforestry system. Plant and Soil, 2016, 401: 409-426
[25]	孙逸翔, 张静, 周晓兵, 等. 伊犁河谷退化野果林中新疆野苹果茎的水力结构. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(10): 3340-3348
[26]	李会杰, 易军, 赵英, 等. 浅层地下水对玉米根区水分及根系吸水影响的数值模拟. 灌溉排水学报, 2015, 34(11): 35-38
[27]	Tattini M, Montagni G, Traversi ML. Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in Phillyrea latifolia grown at various salinity concentrations. Tree Physiology, 2002, 22: 403-412
[28]	Bartlett MK, Scoffoni C, Sack L. The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: A global meta-analysis. Ecology Letters, 2012, 15: 393-405
[29]	Aranda I, Cadahia E, Fernandez de Simon B. Specific leaf metabolic changes that underlie adjustment of osmotic potential in response to drought by four Quercus species. Tree Physiology, 2021, 41: 728-743
[30]	Hu D, Lv GH, Qie YD, et al. Response of morphological characters and photosynthetic characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron to water and salt stress. Sustainability, 2021, 13: 388, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010388.
[31]	高冠龙, 冯起, 张小由, 等. 植物叶片光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制研究综述. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(4): 930-937
[32]	王庆成, 程云环. 土壤养分空间异质性与植物根系的觅食反应. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(6): 1063-1068
[33]	白亚梅, 李毅, 单立山, 等. 降水变化和氮添加对红砂幼苗根系形态特征的影响. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(5): 1284-1292
[34]	李帅, 赵国靖, 徐伟洲, 等. 白羊草根系形态特征对土壤水分阶段变化的响应. 草业学报, 2016, 25(2): 169-177
[35]	钟波元, 熊德成, 史顺增, 等. 隔离降水对杉木幼苗细根生物量和功能特征的影响. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(9): 2807-2814
[36]	Imada S, Taniguchi T, Acharya K, et al. Vertical distribution of fine roots of Tamarix ramosissima in an arid region of southern Nevada. Journal of Arid Environments, 2013, 92: 46-52
[37]	杨彪生, 单立山, 马静, 等. 红砂幼苗生长及根系形态特征对干旱-复水的响应. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 469-478
[38]	Lynch JP. Roots of the second green revolution. Austra-lian Journal of Botany, 2007, 55: 493-512
[39]	詹书侠, 郑淑霞, 王扬, 等. 羊草的地上-地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(1): 36-47
[40]	白雪, 赵成章, 康满萍. 疏勒河中游河岸林地下水埋深对胡杨幼苗生物量分配与生长的影响. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(11): 3605-3612
[41]	Xu H, Li Y, Xu GQ, et al. Ecophysiological response and morphological adjustment of two Central Asian desert shrubs towards variation in summer precipitation. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2007, 30: 399-409
[42]	Xu GQ, Li Y. Rooting depth and leaf hydraulic conductance in the xeric tree Haloxyolon ammodendron growing at sites of contrasting soil texture. Functional Plant Biology, 2008, 35: 1234-1242