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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2483-2491.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.005

• Research Reports • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Azimuthal and radial variations in sap flow and its effects on the estimation of transpiration for Picea mongolica

LIU Xin1,2,3, SONG Lining1,2,3*, ZHANG Jinxin1,2,3, ZHU Xinwei1,2,3, ZHAO Yumin4, ZHENG Qing-shan4   

  1. 1CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    2Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    3Liaoning Key Laboratory for Management of Non-commercial Forest, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    4Baiyinaobao National Nature Reserve Management Administration, Chifeng 025300, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2023-12-25 Accepted:2024-05-06 Online:2024-09-18 Published:2025-03-18

Abstract: In this study, we applied thermal dissipation probe technology to examine sap flow in various directions (east, south, west, and north) and at different depths (0-2, 2-4, 4-6 cm) within the stem of natural Picea mongolica trees in the eastern of Otindag Sandy Land to provide a scientific basis for accurately quantifying water consumption of P. mongolica forests through transpiration and to enhance the understanding of water relations. The results showed that the diurnal variation of sap flow in different directions displayed a unimodal curve, with the sap flow sequence being south>east>west>north. The sap flow at different sapwood depths exhibited an obvious unimodal curve, with a significant decrease as sapwood depth increased. Compared with that calculated from the mean sap flux density in four directions (23.57 kg·d-1), water consumption calculated using the mean value in south-east, east-west, south-west, north-east, north-south, and north-west was overestimated by 10.2%, 5.5%, 14.5%, and underestimated by 12.3%, 8.2%, 9.8%, respectively. The water consumption calculated using the values from the east, south, and west was overestimated by 6.1%, 14.4%, and 15.4%, respectively, and underestimated by 30.7% in the north. In addition, compared with the water consumption calculated from the mean value in three sapwood depths (48.51 kg·d-1), that calculated using sap flux density at sapwood depths of 0-2, 2-4, and 4-6 cm were overestimated by 18.8%, underestimated by 1.7%, and underestimated by 62.9%, respectively. These results indicated that sap flow of P. mongolica had significant azimuthal and radial variations, which considerably influence the estimation of tree water consumption. Installing probes at 0-2 cm simultaneously in both the north and east of the trunk could effectively reduce the estimation error of whole-tree water consumption by 4.2%. This approach enabled the accurate quantification of water consumption of individual P. mongolica trees in sandy areas, thereby improving the precision of transpiration water consumption estimates scaling up from individual level to stand level.

Key words: Picea mongolica, sap flux density, azimuthal variation, radial variation, transpiration estimation