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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3810-3818.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.027

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of urban heat island and urban pollution island and their relationships with downward long-wave radiation in Shenyang, Northeast China

LI Liguang1,2,3*, ZHAO Ziqi1,2,3, LI Xiaolan1,2,3, LIU Ningwei1,2,3, MENG Xin4, DING Kangkang5, WEN Rihong1,2,3   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Disasters in Liaoning Province, Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China;
    2Shenyang Institute of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Shenyang 110166, China;
    3Panjin National Climate Observatory, Panjin 124010, Liaoning, China;
    4Dandong Meteorological Service, Dandong 118000, Liaoning, China;
    5Liaoning Meteorological Information Center, Shenyang 110166, China
  • Received:2025-05-26 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-18

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Abstract: The urban heat island (UHI) effect and urban air pollution (UPI) have received concerns from the government and the public. Based on the data of temperature, PM2.5 concentration and downward long-wave radiation (DLR) from 9 meteorological stations, 10 environmental monitoring stations and 1 radiation monitoring station in Shenyang for one whole year from December 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019, we divided the meteorological stations and environmental monitoring stations into urban and suburb stations according to their locations and the distance between stations. We used an urban-suburb temperature difference method calculated the seasonal, monthly, diurnal intensities of the UHI and UPI in Shenyang urban compared with the southwest and northeast suburbs, and analyzed the relationships among UHI, UPI and DLR. Results showed that the seasonal, monthly, and hourly temperature in Shenyang showed an order of urban>southwest suburb>northeast suburb. Compared to basing on the southwest suburb, the urban heat island intensity in Shenyang was much higher when based on the northeast suburb. The maximum seasonal, monthly, and daily heat island intensities occurred in winter (urban were 2.82 ℃ and 1.75 ℃ higher than the northeast and southwest suburbs, respectively), January (urban were 3.04 ℃ and 1.87 ℃ higher than the northeast and southwest suburbs, respectively), and at 00:00 (urban were 3.09 ℃ higher than the northeast suburb) or 01:00 (urban were 2.20 ℃ higher than the southwest suburb). The PM2.5 concentrations in Shenyang were lowest in the northeast suburb across seasons, months, and days. During summer, from June to August and between 11:00 and 17:00, urban PM2.5 concentrations were higher than those in the southwest suburb. In other seasons and time periods, the southwest suburb exceeded urban area. Urban heat island intensity showed a significant negative correlation with pollution island intensity. Downward long-wave radiation was significantly correlated with urban pollution island intensity both day and night, but only with urban heat island intensity during nighttime. Downward long-wave radiation affected urban heat island intensity and pollution island intensity through temperature and PM2.5.

Key words: urban heat island, urban pollution island, downward long-wave radiation, PM2.5, correlation degree