Mechanism analysis of optimized model of conversion from farmland to forestland in the hill-gully sub-region of Loess Plateau

Abstract

Abstract: Conversion from Farmland to Forestland Program (CFF) is one of the six great ecological forest programs in China.This study covered the CFF model area of the hilly-gully sub-region of loess plateau,and introduced system dynamics and other latest theories and methodologies.Based on the analysis of five modules including that of the site observation of field stations and extensive investigations,and over 10 000 original data obtained in the fields of natural science,social science and economics,the operational mechanism of the optimized model was studied.The optimized operational models integrated maximized ecological,economic and social benefits,while sustainability concepts were proposed for typical CFF sites:The Pinus tabulaeformis+Platycladus orientalis+Zanthoxylum spp.+ Robinia pseudoacacia model at the eroded flat ridges of the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The result showed that the ecological,economic and social benefits of the optimized model reflected by main indexes were the best or better,and in the other models,either individual one was the best or others were not.From the viewpoint of comprehensive comparison of three great benefits,the optimized model was most excellent,and had eminent difference comparing to other ones through F test.The relationship between ecological and social benefit was eminent positive correlative.Social benefit was the same with economical one at some degrees.The relationship between ecological and economical benefit was more complicated.On the whole,they were positive correlative,but the economical benefit was not the greatest when the ecological one was the greatest.In general,from the viewpoint of largest comprehensive benefit,the three great benefits were not all the best,indicating that the combination of the modules must be reasonable.In order to achieve the ultimate goal of CFF,we must choose the optimized combination of ecological,economical and social benefits,and can't only pursue any one maximum of three great benefits.

Key words: Conversion of Farmland to Forests(CFF), Optimized model, Mechanism analysis, Hill-gully subregion of Loess Plateau

CLC Number:

S718.5

LI Shidong, ZHANG Lixia. Mechanism analysis of optimized model of conversion from farmland to forestland in the hill-gully sub-region of Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (9): 1541-1546.

References

[1] Aronson J. 1993. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem in arid and semi-arid lands. Restor Ecol, 1:8～ 17
[2] CFF Office of State Forestry Administration(国家林业局退耕还林办公室).2003.The Guidance and Practice on Conversion of Farmland to Forests. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press. (in Chinese)
[3] Chapman CA, Chapman LJ. 1999. Forest restoration in abandoned agricultural land: A case study from East Africa. Cons Biol, 13:1301～1311
[4] Doboson AP, Bradshaw AD, Baker AJM. 1997. Hopes for the future: Restoration ecology and conservation. Biol Sci, 277: 515 ～ 522
[5] FAO of the United Nations. 1989. Basic principals and operational guidelines: Frmulation, execution and revision of national forestry programs. Rome, FAO.
[6] Green BH. 1990. The agricultural impingement to environment in countryside.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),10(4):5～10(in Chinese)
[7] Harrington CA. 1999. Forests planted for ecosystem restoration or conservation. New For, 7:175 ～ 190
[8] Huang M-B(黄明斌),Kang S-Z(康绍忠),Li Y-S(李玉山).1999. Evolution of moisture environment of small wateshed in gully region of Loess Plateau.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(4) :411～414(in Chinese)
[9] Li J-Q(李俊清),Cui G-F(崔国发).2000.The theoretics reasons on natural forests protection and damaged ecosystem restoration. J Beijing For Univ(北京林业大学学报),22(7):1～7(in Chinese)
[10] Li S-D(李世东),Zhai H-B(翟洪波).2002.Comparison study on forestry ecological projects in the World.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),22(11):1976～1982(in Chinese)
[11] Li S-D(李世东),Wu Z-Y(吴转颖).2002.Study on models ofconverseon of cropland to forest and grassland in Midwest China.Sci Silvae Sin(林业科学),38(3):154～159(in Chinese)
[12] Li S-D(李世东).2002.Comparison on conversion of cropland to forest and grassland in the World.World For Res(世界林业研究),15(2):22～27(in Chinese)
[13] Li S-D(李世东).2002.Policies of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland in Midwest China.J Beijing For Univ(北京林业大学学报),24(1):11～17(in Chinese)
[14] Li S-D(李世东).2002.Study on the model of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland in dry hot and arid river valley subregion & hilly ravine subregion of Loess Plateau. J Beijing For Univ (北京林业大学学报),24(3):35～384(in Chinese)
[15] Li S-D(李世东).2003.Study on the Comprehensive Regionalization and Optimized Models of Conversion of Farmland to Forests inChina. Ph. D. Dissertation. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University(in Chinese)
[16] Li S-D(李世东).2003.Study on the development stages of converting cropland for forest and grassland.World For Res(世界林业研究),16(1):36～41(in Chinese)
[17] Lin KW, Tiao X. 1998. Preliminary result of the grass-tree system for rehabilitation of severely eroded red soils. Adv Geoecol, 31:1225～ 1231
[18] Ma L-Y(马履一),Zhai M-P(翟明普),Lin P(林平).1999.The distributing of soil physical and chemistry property in Western Beijing Mountain.J Beijing For Univ(北京林业大学学报),21(1):32 ～ 37 (in Chinese)
[19] Malik RK, Green TH, Brown GF, et al. 2000. Use of cover crops in short rotation hardwood plantations to control erosion. Biom Bioen,18(16) :479～487
[20] Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Wang R-S(王如松),Zhao J-Z(赵景柱).1999.Ecosystem services andtheir economic valuation.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(5):635～640(in Chinese)
[21] Pearce CW, Barbier E, Markendya A. 1988. Sustainable Development and Cost Benefit Analysis. London: LEEC Paper. 88～03
[22] Shen G-F(沈国舫).2001.On ecological construction in Western China developing.Sci Silvae Sin(林业科学),37(1):1～6(in Chinese)
[23] Wang Q-F(王其藩).1995.Advanced System Dynamics.Beijing:Qinghua University Press. (in Chinese)
[24] Wang W-Z(王万忠),Jiao J-Y(焦菊英).1996.Quantitative evaluation on factors influencing soil erosion in China. Bull Soil Water Cons(水土保持通报),16(5):1～20(in Chinese)
[25] Xiao H(肖寒),Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Zhao J-Z(赵景柱),et al. 2000. Forest ecosystem services and their ecological valuationA case study of tropical forest in Jiangfengling of Hainan island.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(4):481～484(in Chinese)
[26] Zhang J-E(章家恩),Xu Q(徐琪).1999.Major issues in restoration ecology researches.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(1): 109～ 113(in Chinese)
[27] Zhi L(支玲).2001.Adiscussion on replacing agriculture by afforestation in western China and coordinative development of ecology and economy. Ph. D. Dissertation. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University. (in Chinese)