Abstract: Crop grain quality is mainly depended on variety’s genetic characteristics and environ-mental conditions, while elevated CO₂ concentration in atmosphere, one of the main factors resul-ting in global climate change, would have a significant effect on crop grain quality. In this paper, the research progress on the effects of CO₂ enrichment on rice and wheat grain quality was summ-arized from the aspects of protein and nitrogen contents, trace elements, and other characters, emphasized the necessity and urgency of the study in this field, and pointed out the key directions and contents of further study, i . e . , (a)direct effects of CO₂ enrichment on rice and wheat grain quality and their differences for different varieties, (b) integrated effects of CO₂ enrichment and other climate factors on rice and wheat grain quality and their quantitative indices, (c) action mechanisms of CO₂ enrichment and other climate factors on rice and wheat grain quality forma-tion, (d) long-term directions and strategies of rice and wheat breeding in quality improvement to adapt climate change, (e) integrated planting technology systems in quality improvement for adapting climate change, and (f) application of molecule-marker and gene-transfer in rice and wheat breeding for quality improvement.

Key words: Microtus fortis, Population dynamics, Dongting Lake region, Forecast