Abstract: aking winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Yangmai 158 (shading- tolerant) and Yangmai 11 (shading-sensitive) as test materials, this paper
 studied the effects of shading at the stages from jointing to maturity on the plant N redistribution, grain yield, and grainand dough quality of the cultivars. The treatments were nonshading, 22% shading, and 33% shading. Under shading, the grain yield and its protein content of Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 11 decreased by 4.1%-9.9% and 3.0%-8.3%, and 15.3%-25.8% and 10.4%-14.1%, respectively, compared with nonshading. With the increase of shading intensity, the grain N content was increasingly dependent on the N accumulated after anthesis. Shading decreased the redistribution of N stored pre-anthesis in the vegetative organs to the grain, but increased the redistribution efficiency of N accumulated pre-anthesis (RENP) in leaves while decreased the RENP in sheathes and stems, and in hulls and rachises. Therefore, the mean RENP in the vegetative organs was not essentially altered by shading. The grain protein content increased significantly under shading, which could be related to the “condense effect”, i.e., the decrement of grain protein content was much less than that of grain yield. In addition, shading had less effects on the contents of grain albumin and globulin but increased the contents of grain gliadin and glutinin significantly, and accordingly, the grain wet gluten content, dough development time, and dough stability time increased, while the dough softening degree decreased.

Key words: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), shading, nitrogen redistribution, protein, Qinghai Lake Wetland, final ecosystem services, beneficiaries, direct contribution.