Abstract: A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of planting transgenic Bt rice (BtSY63) and its nearisogenic nonBt rice (SY63) on the soil nematode abundance, trophic group composition, ecological indices, and community structure. With the planting of BtSY63 and SY63, the soil nematode abundance changed obviously with sampling time, but had no significant difference between planting BtSY63 and SY63. Only at specific sampling time, the percentage of omnivorepredators and the Shannon diversity index of nematode community under the planting of BtSY63 were significantly higher than those under the planting of SY63. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) of nematode community revealed that no significant difference was observed in the nematode community composition between planting BtSY63 and SY63 across all sampling times. In conclusion, two years planting BtSY63 had no deleterious effects on the soil nematode community.