Abstract: To explore the responses of forest seedlings to topographic heterogeneity, nine hundreds of 4 m²(2 m×2 m) quadrats with perennial seedlings (H≥30 cm, DBH<1 cm) were installed in a 9 hm² plot in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains. Based on the investigation data in 2006, 2008, and 2010, the effects of topography on the seedling establishment were studied. There were a total of 26 tree species in these quadrats. In 2006, 2008, and 2010, the total number of the tree seedlings was 4514, 6464, and 5611 individuals·hm^-2, respectively, among which, the seedlings of the top 10 species occupied >90% of the total. Topography had significant effects on the seedling distribution of the 8 major tree species. For Syringa reticulate var. mandshurica, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono, Ulmus japonica, A. ukurunduense, Tilia amurensis, and A. tegmentosum, the spatial distribution of the seedlings was consistent with that of grown trees; but for Pinus koraiensis, the spatial distribution of seedlings was inconsistent with that of the grown trees. The mortality of S. reticulate var. mandshurica, A. nephrolepis, U. laciniata, A. tegmentosum, and T. amurensis seedlings was significantly correlated with the topography. The recruitment of S. reticulate var. mandshurica, U. japonica, P. koraiensis, A. nephrolepis, Fraxinus mandshurica, A. mono, and T. amurensis seedlings was also significantly correlated with the topography.