High P-efficiency (IS-22-30,IS-22-25) and low P-efficiency (IS-07-07) wild barley cultivars were chosen to evaluate characteristics of phosphorus uptake and utilization, and properties of phosphorus fractions in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere in a pot experiment with 0 (CK) and 30 mg P·kg^-1  supplied as only Pi (KH₂PO₄), only Po (phytate) or Pi+Po (KH₂PO₄+ phytate). The results showed that dry matter and phosphorus accumulation of wild barley in the different treatments was ranked as Pi> Pi+Po> Po>CK. In addition, dry matter yield and phosphorus uptake of wild barley with high P-efficiency exhibited significantly greater than that with low P-efficiency. The concentration of soil available phosphorus was significantly different after application of different phosphorus sources, which was presented as Pi> Pi+Po> Po. The concentration of soil available phosphorus in high P-efficiency wild barley was significantly higher than that of low Pefficiency in the rhizosphere soil. There was a deficit in rhizosphere available phosphorus of high P-efficiency wild barley, especially in Pi and Pi+Po treatments. The inorganic phosphorus fractions increased with the increasing Pi treatment, and the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus fractions in soil were sorted as follows: Ca₁₀-P > O-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Ca₂-P > Ca₈-P. The contents of Ca₂-P and Ca₈-P for high P-efficiency wild barley showed deficits in rhizosphere soil under each phosphorus source treatment. In addition, enrichment of Al-P and Fe-P was observed in Pi treatment in rhizosphere soil. The concentrations of organic phosphorus fractions in soil were sorted as follows: moderate labile organic phosphorus > moderate resistant, resistant organic phosphorus > labile organic phosphorus. The labile and moderate labile organic phosphorus enriched in rhizosphere soil and the greatest enrichment appeared in Pi treatment. Furthermore, the concentrations of moderate resistant organic phosphorus and resistant organic phosphorus decreased in rhizosphere soil. The concentrations of labile and moderate labile organic phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of high P-efficiency wild barley were significantly higher than that of low P-efficiency wild barley in each phosphorus source treatment. However, moderate resistant organic phosphorus and resistant organic phosphorus concentrations had no significant difference between the two genotypes. Wild barley with high P-efficiency demonstrated a greater ability of mobilization and uptake Ca₂ -P, Ca₈-P, Al-P and labile organic phosphorus than that with low P-efficiency under Pi deficiency.