Food web in jellyfish-shrimp-shellfish polyculture pond

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.009

Abstract

Abstract: To analyze the feeding habits and trophic level of jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum), Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinesis), grass shrimp (Penaeus monodon), and clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), and the food web structure in marine aquaculture pond, we measured the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of the four species and different feed from May to September in 2017. The average proportional contribution of different feed to the four species were analyzed using the IsoSource linear mixture model. The results showed that zooplankton was the main food source to jellyfish, Engraulis japonicus was the main food source to the two shrimp species, and the phytoplankton, benthic diatoms and dejecta of the two shrimp species were the main food source to the clam. The trophic level of the clam ranged from 2.64 to 2.95, with a mean value of 2.84. The trophic level of jellyfish ranged from 2.78 to 3.27, with a mean value of 3.06. the grass shrimp ranged from 3.03 to 3.54, with a mean value of 3.25. The trophic level of Chinese shrimp ranged from 3.76 to 4.40, with a mean value of 3.95. Results of comprehensive analysis showed that the clam was the primary consumer, jellyfish was the secondary consumer, and shrimps were the predators. Jellyfish filtered the dejecta of the two kinds of prawns and improved water quality of the polyculture pond to a certain extent.

Key words: stable isotope, polyculture pond, food web

WANG Bai, TIAN Jia-shen, ZHOU Zun-chun. Food web in jellyfish-shrimp-shellfish polyculture pond[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(6): 2028-2034.

References

[1] 王岩. 海水池塘养殖模式优化: 概念、原理与方法. 水产学报, 2004, 28(5): 568-572 [Wang Y. Optimization of culture model in seawater pond: Concepts, principles and methods. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2004, 28(5): 568-572]
[2] 郭凯. “海蜇-缢蛏-牙鲆-对虾”混养池塘的生态特征及主要生源要素(OC、N、P)的收支研究. 博士论文. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2014 [Guo K. Study on Ecological Characteristics and Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budget in “Jellyfish-shellfish-fish-prawn” Polyculture Ponds. PhD Thesis. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2014]
[3] 王摆, 田甲申, 董颖, 等. 海蜇-对虾-缢蛏-牙鲆综合养殖池塘的食物网分析. 水产科学, 2019, 38(3): 327-332 [Wang B, Tian J-S, Dong Y, et al. Analysis of food web in a jellyfish-prawn-shellfish-flounder polyculture pond. Fisheries Science, 2019, 38(3): 327-332]
[4] 郭凯, 赵文, 董双林, 等. “海蜇-缢蛏-牙鲆-对虾”混养池塘悬浮颗粒物结构及其有机碳库储量. 生态学报, 2016, 36(7): 1872-1880 [Guo K, Zhao W, Dong S-L, et al. Structure of suspended particles and organic carbon storage in jellyfish-shellfish-fish-prawn polyculture ponds. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(7): 1872-1880]
[5] 何振平, 王秀云, 刘艳芳, 等. 参虾池塘高效混养技术. 水产科学, 2008, 27(12): 665-667 [He Z-P, Wang X-Y, Liu Y-F, et al. A high efficiency polyculture of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus in pond. Fisheries Science, 2008, 27(12): 665-667]
[6] 孙溪蔓. 海蜇-蛤仔-对虾多营养级复合养殖池塘的水质研究. 硕士论文. 大连: 大连海洋大学, 2018 [Sun X-M. Water Quality of Level Multi-nutrient Polyculture Pond of Farming Rhopilema esculenta-Ruditapes philippinarum-Penaeus monodon. Master Thesis. Dalian: Ocean University of Dalian, 2018]
[7] 李学梅, 朱永久, 王旭歌, 等. 稳定同位素技术分析不同养殖方式下鳙饵料的贡献率. 中国水产科学, 2017, 24(2): 278-283 [Li X-M, Zhu Y-J, Wang X-G, et al. Using a stable isotope ratio to evaluate the contribution of food to bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) subjected to different breeding methods. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2017, 24(2): 278-283]
[8] 张凯, 谢骏, 余德光, 等. 基于稳定同位素的草鱼推水养殖系统食物网的研究. 南方水产科学, 2020, 16(3): 61-69 [Zhang K, Xie J, Yu D-G, et al. Study on food web of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) push-water aquaculture ecosystem by stable isotope ana-lysis. South China Fisheries Science, 2020, 16(3): 61-69]
[9] 王摆, 田甲申, 董颖, 等. 应用稳定同位素分析辽东湾池塘仿刺参的食性. 水产科学, 2019, 38(2): 236-240 [Wang B, Tian J-S, Dong Y, et al. Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to evaluate feeding habits of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in aquaculture ponds in Liaodong Bay. Fisheries Science, 2019, 38(2): 236-240]
[10] Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 1959, 37: 911-917
[11] Mariotti A. Atmospheric nitrogen is a reliable standard for natural ¹⁵N abundance measurements. Nature, 1983, 303: 685-687
[12] Craig H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1957, 12: 133-149
[13] Peterson BJ, Fr B. Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1987, 18: 293-320
[14] Post DM. Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: Models, methods, and assumptions. Ecology, 2002, 83: 703-718
[15] Vender Zanden MJ, Rasmussen JB. Variation in the δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C trophic fractionation: Implications for aquatic food web studies. Limnology & Oceanography, 2001, 46: 2061-2066
[16] 蔡德陵, 李红燕, 唐启升, 等. 黄东海生态系统食物网连续营养谱的建立: 来自碳氮稳定同位素方法的结果. 中国科学, 2005, 35(2): 123-130 [Cai D-L, Li H-Y, Tang Q-S, et al. The construction of food web in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea: From the results of stable isotopic analysis. Scientia Sinica Vitae, 2005, 35(2): 123-130]
[17] 万祎, 胡建英, 安立会, 等. 利用稳定氮和碳同位素分析渤海湾食物网主要生物种的营养层次. 科学通报, 2005, 50(7): 708-712 [Wan W, Hu J-Y, An L-H, et al. Using stable nitrogen and carbon isotope to ana-lyze the trophic level of key species in food web in Bohai Bay. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005, 50(7): 708-712]
[18] Phillips DL, Gregg JW. Source partitioning using stable isotopes: Coping with too many sources. Oecologia, 2003, 136: 261-269
[19] 孙刚. 辽河口盐度分布及潮区界、潮流界的数值研究. 硕士论文. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2011 [Sun G. Numerical Simulation of Salinity Distribution and Tidal Limit, Tidal Current Limit in Liaohe River Estuary. Master Thesis. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2011]
[20] 张安国, 王丽丽, 袁蕾, 等. 双台子河口文蛤碳、氮、磷收支的季节变化. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(2): 700-709 [Zhang A-G, Wang L-L, Yuan L, et al. Seasonal variation in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus budgets of the hard clam Meretrix meretrix in Shuangtaizi estuary. China Environmental Science, 2018, 38(2): 700-709]
[21] 侯明泉, 时吉保, 孙显芝. 中国对虾的饵料及投喂方法的研究初报. 海洋科学, 1983, 7(2): 39-40 [Hou M-Q, Shi J-B, Sun X-Z. A preliminary study on feeds and feeding methods for Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye. Marine Sciences, 1983, 7(2): 39-40]
[22] 张乃禹, 林如杰, 曹登宫, 等. 中国对虾的摄饵量、生长率的初步观察. 海洋与湖沼, 1983, 14(5): 482-487 [Zhang N-Y, Lin R-J, Cao D-G, et al. Preliminary observation on relationship of body weight, length with the daily food requirement of Chinese shrimp, Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1983, 14(5): 482-487]
[23] 张伟权, 梁羡园, 张乃禹, 等. 介绍一种养殖优良品种-斑节对虾. 海洋科学, 1977, 1(2): 45-48 [Zhang W-Q, Liang X-Y, Zhang N-Y, et al. Introducing a fine aquaculture species: Penaeus monodon Fabricius. Marine Sciences, 1977, 1(2): 45-48]
[24] 高祥刚, 曹洁, 董婧, 等. 辽宁沿海海蜇与沙海蜇遗传多样性的AFLP分析. 水产科学, 2009, 28(2): 75-78 [Gao X-G, Cao J, Dong J, et al. AFLP analysis in jellyfish population of Rhopilema esculentum and Nemopilema nomurai in Liaoning coast. Fisheries Science, 2009, 28(2): 75-78]
[25] 孙明, 王彬, 李玉龙, 等. 基于碳氮稳定同位素技术研究辽东湾海蜇的食性和营养级. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(4): 1103-1108 [Sun M, Wang B, Li Y-L, et al. Feeding habitats and trophic levels of Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye in Liaodong Bay based on analyzing carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Chinense Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(4): 1103-1108]
[26] 丁成曙, 徐国成. 缢蛏对养殖水体净化能力的研究. 水利渔业, 2006, 26(2): 73-74 [Ding C-S, Xu G-C. Study on purification ability of Sinonovacula constricta to aquaculture water. Reservoir Fisheries, 2006, 26(2): 73-74]
[27] 沈国英, 黄凌风, 林伟雄, 等. 利用虾池排出水养殖菲律宾蛤仔的研究. 台湾海峡, 1992, 11(2): 180-184 [Shen G-Y, Huang L-F, Lin W-X, et al. On culturing clam Ruditapes philippinarum in drainage canal of prawn ponds. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 1992, 11(2): 180-184]
[28] 何进金, 韦信敏. 菲律宾蛤仔稚贝食料和食性的研究. 水产学报, 1984, 8(2): 99-106 [He J-J, Wei X-M. A study on food and feeding habit of the clam spat. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1984, 8(2): 99-106]
[29] 韦晟, 姜卫民. 黄海鱼类食物网的研究. 海洋与湖沼, 1992, 23(2): 182-192 [Wei S, Jiang W-M. Study on food web of fishes in the Yellow Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1992, 23(2): 182-192]
[30] Yang JM. A tentative analysis of the trophic levels of North Sea fish. Marine Ecology Series, 1982, 7: 247-252
[31] 邓景耀, 姜卫民, 杨纪明, 等. 渤海主要生物种间关系及食物网的研究. 中国水产科学, 1997, 4(4): 1-7 [Deng J-Y, Jiang W-M, Yang J-M, et al. Species interaction and food web of major predatory species in the Bohai Sea. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 1997, 4(4): 1-7]
[32] 田甲申, 李多慧, 王摆, 等. 运用稳定同位素技术研究大凌河、鸭绿江近岸海域春季主要生物种类的营养级. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(4): 1181-1186 [Tian J-S, Li D-H, Wang B, et al. Assessment of the trophic level of main fishery species in coastal waters of Daling River and Yalu River based on stable isotope technique. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(4): 1181-1186]
[33] 孙明, 刘修泽, 李轶平, 等. 应用氮稳定同位素技术研究辽东湾海域主要渔业生物的营养级. 中国水产科学, 2013, 20(1): 189-197 [Sun M, Liu X-Z, Li Y-P, et al. Trophic level analysis of key species in Liao-dong Bay using stable nitrogen isotopes. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2013, 20(1): 189-197]
[34] 田甲申, 韩家波, 鹿志创, 等. 大连海域食物网连续营养谱. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(1): 300-308 [Tian J-S, Han J-B, Lu Z-C, et al. The continuous trophic spectrum of food web in Dalian marine area, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(1): 300-308]