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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 243-252.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.027

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Delineation of territorial space ecological restoration zoning based on the characteristics of ‘source-flow-sink’ of ecosystem services: A case study of Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China

ZHU Zongbin1,4, YAO Longjie1,4, WAN Yingna1,2, XUE Liyao1, LI Qianguo3, XU Bingjie1,4, XU Xinyou1, YUE Bangrui1,4*   

  1. 1School of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China;
    2School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China;
    3School of Agricultural and Forestry Economics and Management, Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    4National Key Laboratory of Green Building, Xi’an 710055, China
  • Received:2025-06-26 Revised:2025-11-19 Published:2026-07-18

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Abstract: Under the background of the transformation of territorial space governance system, how to scientifically delineate ecological restoration zones, promote regional ecological restoration and protection in a differentiated way, and realize the fine allocation of restoration resources has become the core issue of current ecological planning and governance. The available methods mainly rely on environmental background and resource endowment as the basis for zoning, and generally have the problem of insufficient characterization of the supply and demand relationship, service flow characteristics and transmission path of ecosystem services. Therefore, based on the context of ‘supply and demand relationship measurement-flow intensity quantification-flow path characterization-repair zoning’, we took Xi’an, a typical mountainous-plain transitional city, as an example to construct a territorial spatial ecological restoration zoning framework based on the characteristics of ‘source-flow-sink’ of ecosystem service. Starting from the three dimensions of service supply source area, process conduction area and function convergence area, we systematically identified the three areas of ecosystem service supply-demand-flow, and supports the zoning governance strategy of ‘source control-flow adjustment-strong sink’. The results showed that there were 28 ecosystem service supply areas in Xi’an, mainly distributed in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, with a total area of 4589.96 km2. A total of 110 ecosystem service demand areas were concentrated in the six districts of the city and the eastern Lintong District, with a total area of 3954.23 km2. There were 30 ecological service flow areas, which were mainly distributed in the transitional zone of the central mountainous plain and the northeastern plain, with a total area of 1541.01 km2. The framework constructed here could effectively describe the flow direction, intensity, and transmission range of ecosystem services, provide scientific basis for the spatial matching of ecological restoration strategies, and provide different ideas and practical paths for the construction of land space governance model oriented by ecosystem service process.

Key words: territorial space ecological restoration planning, ecological restoration zoning, supply and demand of ecosystem service, ecosystem service flow