Abstract: The leaf and soil stoichiometric characteristics and their relationships of two ephemeral plants (Hypecoum erectum and Euphorbia turczaninowii) and two ephemeroid plants (Ferula meyeri and Astragalus flexus) were analyzed in extreme desert environment. There was no significant difference among each soil factor in different sampling plots of each species. Soil nitrogen (N) content (0.18-0.22 mg·g^-1) was far lower than soil phosphorus (P) content (1.58-1.62 mg·g^-1), and the N/P only ranged 0.12-0.15, indicating a serious lack of soil N. N, P and N/P all represented significant difference among the four species, in which A. flexus had the highest values with 57.36 mg·g^-1, 2.46 mg·g^-1 and 23.43, followed by H. erectum with 34.05 mg·g^-1, 1.98 mg·g^-1 and 17.56, the values for E. turczaninowii were 27.07 mg·g^-1, 1.87 mg·g^-1 and 14.51, and the values for F. meyeri were 28.63 mg·g^-1, 2.20 mg·g^-1 and 13.10, respectively. N and P contents showed significant correlation of each species, while most soil factors did not show significant correlation with leaf stoichiometric values.