Abstract: A field experiment was conducted on paddy soil derived from alluvial materials at Bihu Town, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, China to explore the effects of combined application of faba bean fresh straw and differentrate chemical fertilizer on nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiencies, and yields of single cropping late rice and to determine the optimal rate of chemical fertilizer under the condition of application of faba bean fresh straw at the rate of 15 t·hm^-2 (GM₁₅) in 2012, April to December. The experiments consisted of 7 treatments: CK (no fertilizers), CF (conventional chemical fertilizer rate), and combined application of 15 t·hm^-2 of faba bean fresh straw and 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the conventional chemical fertilizer rate. The results showed that the highest total uptake amounts of N, P and K by the aboveground part were obtained from the treatments of GM₁₅+60%CF and GM₁₅+80%CF, but the highest nutrient agronomy use efficiencies of N, P and K in rice grains were obtained from the treatments of GM₁₅+60%CF and GM₁₅+40%CF. The agronomy use efficiencies and physiological use efficiencies of N, P, and K were significantly correlated with rice grain yields, thus they could be used for accurate comprehensive evaluation of fertilizer efficiencies of N, P, and K. Compared with no fertilizer treatment, the treatments of 100%CF and combined application of faba bean fresh straw and differentrate chemical fertilizer increased rice gain yields by 25.0% and 6.1%-29.2%, respectively. In the cropping system of faba beansingle cropping late rice, returning of 15 t·hm^-2 faba bean fresh straw to the paddy field did not result in the runt seedling of rice. From the point of improving fertilizer use efficiency and reducing environmental risk perspective, the optimum rate of chemical fertilizer was 60% of the conventional chemical fertilizer rate when 15 t·hm^-2 of faba bean fresh straw was applied.